184 INSECTS AFFECTING CITRUS FRUITS 



placed on the under side of leaves. The nymphs emerging there- 

 from are strikingly bright red with dark legs. 



Control. These bugs are attracted to cotton seed and may be 

 killed by making use of small piles of seed and pouring hot water 

 or kerosene upon the bugs when gathered together. 



The Orange Basket Worm. The male insect is dark brown, 

 the female whitish. Eggs are laid in a case hanging from a leaf 

 or twig made by a larva when full grown. Before mating, the case 

 is dragged about by the occupant, whose head and legs protrude. 

 This case is evidently made up by bits of bark or leaves held 

 together by a thread secreted by the caterpillar. The pupa is 

 found hi the suspended case, the male pupal skin protruding from 

 the case after the perfect insect has issued. 



Control. These cases are so conspicuous that hand-picking is 

 the most obvious method of control where the insects are 

 discovered. 



The Angular Winged Katydid. A night-loving insect is this 

 katydid (Microcentrum retinervis Burm.). It is green in color and 

 about two and one-half niches long. It is better known .by its 

 rasping note heard in the evening than by any other feature. The 

 eggs are laid in such a way that they overlap on both leaf and twig 

 (Fig. 203). This insect is fortunately attacked in the egg stage 

 by an abundance of parasites and as an adult it is preyed upon 

 by birds. 



Control. Winter pruning and destruction of cuttings are help- 

 ful. Instead of destroying all cuttings, enterprising orchardists 

 often collect eggs in winter and place them in boxes covered by 

 fine wire gauze. If the young hatch, they are destroyed. But if 

 the egg parasites issue hi the spring, they are allowed to escape. 



The Lubber Grasshopper (Romalea microptera Serv.). This 

 huge, slow-moving Orthopteran occasionally damages citrus fruits. 

 It does not fly and consequently can be easily controlled. 



QUESTIONS 



1. Name five, scales injuring oranges and lemons. 



2. Give briefly the life history of scale insects. 



3. Tell what class of insecticides is called for in their treatment. 



4. Describe fumigation of orchard trees for scale insects. 



5. Mention several other insects attacking citrus fruits. 



6. Describe the injury of each of these; give methods of control for each. 



