328 INSECTS ATTACKING STOCK AND POULTRY 



As an auxiliary to this for they will not all get a liberal allowance 

 of tar on their noses one may rub into the nostrils and about the 

 noses the following compound: Pine tar, two parts; fish oil or 

 cottonseed. oil, one part; powdered sulfur, one part. Some farmers 

 plow a few furrows across the pasture, into which the sheep may 

 stick their noses when attacked. Some breeders keep deep dust 

 in a portion of the sheep yard, into which the animals instinctively 

 thrust their noses when attacked by the fly. This, however, 

 affords only temporary protection, since the fly returns to the 

 attack as soon as the animals leave the furrow or dust pile. 



All modern books on sheep-raising undoubtedly contain the 

 latest and best remedies for all parasites of sheep. One or more 

 good books of this kind should be in the hands of every sheep-raiser. 



FIG. 331. Green-head fly. Much enlarged. (Lugger.) 



Tabanids. These are variously known as horse-flies, breeze- 

 flies, and gad-flies these two latter terms also being applied to 

 the (Estridce. Some, which are found more particularly in the 

 timber and affect deer and moose, are called deer-flies; some are 

 referred to as "green heads" (Fig. 331). 



To fit these flies for their parasitic habit .of preying upon 

 quadrupeds, nature has equipped them with powers for extremely 

 rapid flight, and they can easily overtake the fastest deer or horse. 

 It has even been said of them that some can fly faster than an 

 express tram at full speed. 



Both males and females are found on flowers, the males con- 

 fining themselves to a diet of nectar, and never biting; the females, 

 only resort to the sweets offered by flowers when blood cannot 

 be obtained. These flies not only infest quadrupeds, but as some of 



