UNGULATA. 45 



Genus ELEPHAS, Linnaeus. 



Elephant remains have been found abundantly in the Forest- 

 bed, where the genus is represented by teeth of E. meridionalis 

 and E. antiquus, as well as many forms which seem to be inter- 

 mediate between these species and E. primigenius. Mr. Gunn 

 has proposed to give names to some of these, but it is thought 

 better by most authorities to regard them merely as varieties of 

 the species above mentioned. Teeth of Elephants are only oc- 

 ocasionally met with in the English Crags, and there has been 

 much uncertainty as to the true horizon from which they have 

 been derived, as well as respecting the species to which they 

 belonged. 



Dr. Falconer (Pal. Mem., Vol. II., p. 130, 1868), recorded 

 E. meridionalis from the Norwich Crag of Thorpe, but this deter- 

 mination was doubted by Dr. Leith Adams (Pal. Soc., 1881, p. 178), 

 who says, the species in Britain is restricted to the Forest-bed. 

 Dr. Falconer likewise mentions an example of E. antiquus from 

 the Red Crag of Southwold, in the Museum of the Geological 

 Society (No. 10,664). This I am convinced is not a Red Crag 

 specimen, and Prof. Lankester and Mr. Gunn (Geol. Mag., Vol. 

 VI., p. 47 and 143, 1869) have both come to the same conclusion. 

 A second specimen, alluded to by Dr. Falconer as being in the 

 Museum of the Geological Society, I have been unahlc to find. 



Prof. Prestwich also (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., Vol. XXV II., 

 p. 456, 1871) gives E. meridionalis from the Norwich Crag. 



The specimen of Elephas, said by Dr. Falconer (Pa), Mem., 

 Vol. II., p. 54), to be in the Museum of Practical Geology, from 

 the Red Crag of Felixstow, cannot now be identified ; but 

 portions of another tooth from the Red Crag have more recently 

 been acquired by this Museum. 



The Rev. O. Fisher (Geol. Mag., Vol. V., p. 544, 1868) noticed 

 a specimen of E. meridionalis from the Red Crag; but this was 

 shown by Prof. Lankester and Mr. Gunn (Geol. Mag., Vol. VI., 

 pp. 47, 142, 143, 190, and 237) to be Mastodon, and not Elephas, 

 and to have been found in the beds below the Coralline Crag. 



Although Prof. Lankester says (Geol. Mag., Vol. V., p. 257, 

 1868), "No Elephant occurs with the Mastodon in the Suffolk 

 bone bed, Dr. Falconer was, I believe, misled on this point 

 by specimens from the Red Sands above the Red Crag," yet 

 I think we now have indubitable evidence that Elephas does 

 occur in the Red Crag, or in the te Bone bed " (Nodule-bed) below 

 the Red Crag. 



The specimen from the Red Crag of Trimley, Suffolk (some 

 portions of which are in the Museum of Practical Geology, and 

 others at York), referred by Dr. L. Adams doubtfully to E. 

 antiquus, but now thought to be E. meridionalis, there can be no 

 question is a Red Crag Fossil, or probably from the Nodule-bed 

 below the Red Crag. 



Dr. J. E. Taylor (Brit. Aseoc. Rep. for 1873, p. 91, 1874 and 

 " Bradford Observer," Sept. 22, 1873) gave an account of the 



