30 TELEOSTOMI. 



V. Anal rays more than 20 POMATOMID^;, 57. 



VV. Anal rays less than 20 PEKCID^E, 63. 



UUU. Anal spines three. 



W. Pseudobranchiae small, fleshy, covered by skin. 



CENTRARCHID^, 62. 

 WW. PseudobranchitE large, exposed. 

 X. Maxillary slipping under preorbital for its whole length. 



SPARID.E, 66. 

 XX. Maxillary not slipping under preorbital for its whole length. 



SERRANIDJE, 64. 



UUUU. Anal spines, 4 to 10 CEXTKARCHIDJE, 62. 



TT. Vomer without teeth. 



Y. Teeth setiform (tooth-brush like) ; soft parts of vertical fins 

 densely scaly ; body elevated ; dorsal deeply notched. 



EPHIPPIDJS, 71. 

 YY. Teeth not setiform. 

 Z. Lateral line obsolete ; dorsal spines about 4. 



ELASSOMATUXE, 61. 

 ZZ. Lateral line present. 



a. Anal spines 1 or 2; a large slit behind fourth gill. 



b. Lateral line extending on caudal fin ; snout scaly. . . SCI^ENID^E, 68. 

 bb. Lateral line not extending on caudal fin ; snout scaleless. 



PERCID.E, 63. 

 aa. Anal spines 3. 



c. Slit behind fourth gill none; lower pharyngeals completely united; 



jaws with canines in front LABRID^E, 70. 



cc. Slit behind fourth gill large. 

 d. Anal with more than 15 soft rays; preopercle serrate. 



STROMATEID^S, 58. 

 dd. Anal with less than 15 soft rays. 



e. Maxillary slipping beneath the broad preorbital for its whole 



length; dorsal spines more than 10 SPARID.E, 66. 



^e. Maxillary not slipping beneath the narrow preorbital. 

 y Dorsal spines 12; premaxillaries moderately protractile; pseu- 



dobranchia? large LOBOTID^E, 65. 



yy Qorsal spines 9 or 10; premaxillaries extremely protractile; 



pseudobranchise concealed GERRID^E, 69. 



FF. Ventral fins with or without spine; the number of rays not I, 5. 



x. Upper jaw prolonged in a sword ISTIOPHORID^E, 53. 



xx. Upper jaw not sword-like. 



/. Dorsal fin low, of spines only BLENNIID.E, 83. 



ff. Dorsal fin of spines anteriorly, of soft rays posteriorly. 

 g. Ventral rays 7; vent anterior; dorsal spines 3 or 4. 



APHREDODERIDJB, 60. 

 gg. Ventral rays 1, 1 ; dorsal spines free ; vent normal ; body mailed. 



GASTEROSTEID^E, 4-5. 

 ggg. Ventral rays I, 4; body scaly; pectoral fin divided to base in 



two unequal parts CEPHALACANTHID^E, 75. 



fff. Dorsal of soft rays anteriorly, with low spines posteriorly. 



LYCODIP.E. 86. 

 ffff. Dorsal fin of soft rays only. 



