48 TELEOSTEI : EVENTOGNATHI. XII. 



bluntish ; eye moderate ; C. lobes subequal ; D. rather low, its 

 longest ray less than base of fin. Coloration of preceding, the 

 tail as well as lower fins always red. D. 13 ; depth 3^. Great 

 Lakes, etc. Sometimes confounded with the next, from which it 

 is well distinguished, but it may intergrade with the preceding. 

 (Lat., gilded.) 



cc. Dorsal falcate, the free margin deeply incised. 



83. M. crassilabre 1 (Cope). Form of a Coregonus, with deep, 

 compressed body, small head, and sharply conic snout, which over- 

 hangs the very small mouth ; eye small, 5 in head. D. high, the 

 anterior rays 1^ to \\ times base of fin ; free margin of fin con- 

 cave, so that the fin is decidedly falcate. C. lobes very unequal, 

 the upper always longest ; A. large, falcate, reaching beyond front 

 of C. D. and C. bright red. Head 5 to 5^ ; depth 3 to 31 ; 

 lat. 1. 45. Ohio R. to N". C. (Ptychostomus crassilabris, conus, and 

 breviceps Cope; M. anisura Jor. & Gilb., not of Raf.) (Lat. 

 crassus, thick ; labrum, lip.) 



bbb. Dorsal fin quite small, of 10 to 12 rays; lower lip thick, truncate 

 behind. 



84. M. cervinum (Cope). JUMP-ROCKS. JUMPING MULLET. 

 Head very short, rather pointed ; mouth rather large, the lips 

 strongly plicate ; eye small ; fins all small ; free edge of dorsal 

 straight, its longest ray less than head. Color greenish brown, a 

 pale blotch on each scale, these forming continuous streaks ; back 

 with brownish blotches ; fins brownish, scarcely red. Head 5 ; 

 depth 4. D. 11. Scales 6-44 to 49-5. L. 10 inches. Va. to Ga., 

 not rare. (Lat., tawny, like a deer.) 



47. PLACOPHARYNX Cope. (?rAa, a broad surface ; 

 <>apvy, pharynx.) 



85. P. carinatus Cope. A large, coarse sucker, externally 

 similar to the species of J&oxostoma, from which genus it differs 

 only in the remarkable development of the lower pharyngeals and 

 their teeth; the bones are very strong, and 6 to 10 of the lower 

 teeth are enlarged, little compressed, with a broad rounded or 

 flattened grinding surface ; the mouth is larger and more oblique 

 than in M. macrolepidotum and the lips are thicker. Head broad 

 and flattish above, its upper surface somewhat uneven ; longest 

 rays of dorsal longer than base of fin, 1-^ in head ; free edge of D. 

 concave ; upper lobe of C. narrower than lower, and more or less 

 longer. Color dark olive-green, the sides brassy ; no silvery lustre ; 

 C. and lower fins orange-red. Head 4; depth 3-|. D. 12. Scales 

 6-45-5. L. 30. Ohio to Ga. and Ark., abundant in larger 

 streams. (Lat., keeled.) 



1 This description is from notes of Dr. C. H. Gilbert, taken from Ohio R. 

 specimens. 



