72 TELEOSTEI: ISOSPONDYLL XIII. 



sides silvery. Head 4 ; depth 6. D. 18 ; A. 13. L. 5. N. Y. to 

 Fla., scarce. (Alosa teres Dekay.) (Corruption of sardine.) 



72. CLUPEA (Artedi) Linnaeus. (Lat., herring.) 



a. Vomer with an ovate patch of minute teeth; serratures on belly very 

 weak. 



167. C. harengus L. COMMON HERRING. Body elongate, 

 the scales deciduous ; cheeks longer than high; upper jaw scarcely 

 emarginate ; gill rakers X -j- 40 ; D. inserted before V. ; lower fins 

 small ; peritoneum dusky. Blue, silvery on sides. Head 4^-; 

 depth 4. D. 18. A. 17. Lat. 1. 57. Scutes, 28 -f 13. L. 12. 

 N. Atlantic, everywhere, S. to Cape Cod ; spawns in the sea. (En.) 

 (Low Latin, herring.) 



aa. Vomer without teeth ; ventral serratures very strong; upper jaw emar- 

 ginate. 



b. Cheeks notably longer than deep, the preopercle produced forward 

 below ; body not very deep ; depth 3 J or more in length. (Pomolobus 

 Rafinesque.) 



c. Teeth in jaws all disappearing with age, a small patch sometimes re- 

 maining on tongue. 

 d. Peritoneum pale. 



168. C.mediocris Mitchill. TAILOR HERRING. FALL HER- 

 RING. MATTOWACCA. Head rather long, the profile straight and 

 not very steep ; form more elliptical than in the next and less 

 heavy forwards ; opercles less emarginate below ; fins low. Bluish 

 above ; sides with faint longitudinal streaks. Head 4 ; depth 3|. 

 D. 15. A. 21. Lat. 1. 50. Ventral scutes, 20 -f 16. Cape Cod to 

 Fla., chiefly S. 



169. C. pseudoharengus Wilson. ALEWIFE. GASPEREAU. 

 BRANCH HERRING. WALL-EYED HERRING. Body deep, heavy 

 forward ; head short, nearly as deep as long ; eye large, 3^ in head; 

 gill rakers long, about X -j- 35 ; first ray of D. about equal to base 

 of fin; lower lobe of C. longer; fins rather high. Bluish, sides 

 silvery, with faint dark streaks along rows of scales ; a round dark 

 spot at shoulder. Head 4f ; depth 3J. D. 16. A. 19. Lat. 1. 50. 

 Scutes 21 -[- 14. L. 15. Newfoundland to S. C., abundant, entering 

 streams to spawn ; landlocked in lakes of W. N. Y. (Clupea ver- 

 nalis Mitchill, 1815, but according to Dr. Gill, the paper of Alex- 

 ander Wilson was published before 1814. See McDonald, Nat. 

 Hist. Aquat. Anim. 580, 594.) (^evSo?, false; herring.) 



dd. Peritoneum black. 



170. C. aestivalis Mitchill. GLUT-HEKRING. BLUE-BACK. 

 BLACK-BELLY. SUMMER HERRING. Very close to the preced- 

 ing, the body more elongate, the fins lower, and the eyes smaller, 

 the back darker. First ray of dorsal not equal to base of fin. 



