78 TELEOSTEI: ISOSPONDYLI. XIII. 



184. C. labradoricus Richardson. SAULT WHITE-FISH. 

 MUSQUAW RIVER WHITE-FISH. " WHITING." Head com- 

 pressed, rather long; mouth rather small, the jaws equal; maxillary 

 to front of pupil ; eye 4^ in head ; supraorbital narrow ; D. high 

 in front, its last rays short. Bluish, sides little silvery; fins dusky. 

 Head 4f ; depth 4. D. 11. A. 11. Scales 9-80-8. L. 20. 

 White Mts. to Labrador and L. Superior ; abundant N. 



aa. Lower jaw projecting ; premaxillaries narrow, not vertically placed ; pre- 

 orbital elongate; gill rakers very long and slender, about X + 30; the 

 cleft of the mouth 2 to 3 in the head. 

 d. Body elongate, herring-shaped; scales small, uniform, the free edges 



convex. (Argyrosomus Agassiz.) 

 e. Lower fins pale, or tipped with dusky. 

 f. Scales brilliantly silvery, without dark specks. 



185. C. hoyi (Gill). LAKE MOON-EYE. Cisco OF LAKE 

 MICHIGAN. Head rather long, lower jaw barely included ; maxil- 

 lary 3 in head to middle of pupil; eye very large, 3^ in head; lower 

 jaw little projecting; gill rakers nearly as long as eye ; fins low; 

 free edge of D. very oblique. Color bluish, sides brilliantly silvery, 

 as in Hiodon and Albula. Head 4^ ; depth 4|. D. 10. A. 10. 

 Scales 7-75-7. L. 12. Smallest and prettiest of our white-fishes, 

 from Skaneateles L., N. Y., to L. Mich., in deep water. (To Dr. 

 Philo R. Hoy, of Racine, VVis.) 



ff. Scales more or less punctulate with darker. 



186. C. artedi Le Sueur. LAKE HERRING. Cisco. MICHI- 

 GAN HERRING. Maxillary 3^ in head, reaching middle of pupil ; 

 eye 4 to 5 in head. Bluish or greenish, sides silvery ; scales and 

 fins with dark specks. Head 4^; depth 4. D. 10. A. 12. Scales 

 8-75 to 90-7. L. 15. Great Lakes to Labrador ; very abundant, 

 usually in shoal waters, also land-locked in lakes of N. Ind. and 

 Wis. (var. sisco Jordan), where it lives in deep water, spawn- 

 ing near shore in December. (To Peter Artedi, the " father of 

 ichthyology.") 



ee. Lower fins blue-black. 



187. C. nigripinnis (Gill). BLUE-FIN. Body more robust than 

 in C. artedi ; mouth large ; eye 4 in head ; teeth present, minute. 

 Dark bluish, sides silvery, punctulate. Head 4j; depth 3|. D. 10. 

 A. 12 V Scales 9-88-7. L. 20. L. Mich., in deep water. (Lat., 

 niger, black; pinna, fin.) 



dd. Body short, deep, compressed; the curve of back similar to that 

 of belly; scales large, larger forwards, closely imbricated ; the 

 free margin little convex. (Allosomus Jordan.) 



188. C. tullibee Richardson. TULLIBEE. " MONGREL WHITE- 

 FISH." Head much as in C. nigripinnis; maxillary as long as 

 eye; jaws equal when closed; eye as long as snout, 4^. Bluish, 



