144 TELEOSTEI: ACANTHOPTERI. XX. 



gray, usually with faint oblique bars; snout projecting. Head 3^; 

 depth 4. D. X - 1, 25. A. I, 7. Lat. 1. 65. Md. to Brazil, abun- 

 dant S. (M. alburnus L.) 

 bb. Outer teeth of upper jaw little enlarged; lower lobe of C. mostly black. 



395. M. saxatilis (Bloch). KING-FISH. BARB. SEA MINK. 

 D. high. Dusky gray, the back and sides with oblique dark cross- 

 bands ; one at the nape vertical, forming with the next a V-shaped 

 blotch ; a dark lateral streak, extending on C. Head 4 ; depth 4^. 

 D. X-l, 26. A. I, 8. Scales 7-53-14. L. 18. Cape Cod to Fla., 

 common N. (Lat., living among rocks.) 



aa. Gill rakers present, small ; lower pharyngeals broad, their teeth mostly 

 molar; outer teeth scarcely enlarged ; scales on breast small. (Um- 

 brula Jordan & Eigenmann.) 



396. M. littoralis (Holbrook). SILVER WHITING. SURF 

 WHITING. Snout projecting, 3 in head ; maxillary to eye, 3 in 

 head. Silver-gray, almost plain ; tip of C. black. Head 3-| ; depth 

 4f D. X-l, 24. A. I, 7. Scales 6-53-12. L. 18. Va. to Texas, 

 (Lat., belonging to the shore.) 



179. POGONIAS Lacepede. (iruyavlas, bearded.) 



397. P. cromis (L.). DRUM. Robust; 2d A. spine large. 

 Grayish-silvery or brassy ; 4 or 5 dark vertical bars lost with age. 

 Head 3; depth 2J. D. X- 1, 20. A. II, 6. Lat. 1. 50. L. 4 feet. 

 Cape Cod to Brazil. (Old name from xp^^t to neigh.) 



180. APLODINOTUS Rafinesque. (dTrXdos, simple; V&TOS, 

 back.) 



398. A. grunniens (Rafinesque). FRESH -WATER DRUM. 

 GASPERGOU. " SHEEP'S-HEAD." WHITE PERCH. CROAKER. 

 THUNDER-PUMPER. Snout blunt ; back compressed ; 2d A. spine 

 very strong; C. rhombic. Grayish-silvery, more or less dotted. 

 Head 3; depth 3. D. IX -1, 30. A. II, 7. Lat. 1. 55. L. 2 feet 

 or more. Great Lakes to Texas and Ga., abundant ; a large, coarse 

 fish of the larger streams and lakes. (Lat., grunting.) 



FAMILY LXIX. GBRRID^l. (THE MOHARRAS.) 



Body compressed, with large, smoothish scales ; lateral line con- 

 tinuous ; mouth small, the premaxillary excessively protractile, the 

 spines of the premaxillaries extending backward in a deep groove 

 on top of head ; maxillary simple, not sheathed by the narrow pre- 

 orbital ; mandible scaly, with a slit behind it, to permit motion ; 

 teeth small, in jaws only ; preopercle entire or serrate ; pseudo- 

 branchiae concealed ; gills normal ; gill membranes separate ; lower 

 pharyngeal bones close together, usually loosely united ; D. single, 

 with 9 spines ; A. with 3 or 2 ; V. I, 5 ; air-bladder present. Verte- 



