PLETHODONTID.E. GIL 179 



aaaa. Costal grooves 14. 



501. A. microstomum (Cope). Blackish, usually with plumbeous 

 shades and specks ; head small, short, broad ; body slender ; skin 

 very smooth and slippery ; snout very short, the lower jaw project- 

 ing beyond it. Costal grooves 14. Ohio to Kansas and S. (ptKpos, 

 small ; orcfyta, mouth.) 



FAMILY CII. PLETHODONTID^E. 



Vertebrae amphicoelian ; carpus and tarsus cartilaginous ; para- 

 sphenoid with one or two laminae which are covered by a coarse 

 brush of teeth which look downwards on roof of mouth. The 

 species with cylindric tails rarely or never enter water. Genera 11 ; 

 species 35 ; chiefly North American. 



a. Tongue attached by a band running from its central or posterior pedicel to 

 the anterior margin ; premaxillaries two, with fontanelle. 



b. Toes 4-4 HEMinACTrmTM, 256. 



bb, Toes 4-5 PLETHODON, 257. 



aa. Tongue free all around, attached by its central pedicel only; toes 4-5, all 

 free. 



c. Premaxillaries two, with fontanelle GYEINOPHILUS, 258. 



cc. Premaxillary single, with fontanelle SPELERPES, 259. 



256. HEMIDACTYLIUM Tschudi. (17^-, half ; dAcrvXos, toe.) 



502. H. scutatum (Schlegel). Brown above; snout yellow; 

 whitish below, with dots like ink spots ; body short ; tail slender ; 

 skin of back with depressions resembling scales. Costal grooves 

 13. L. 21. R. I. to 111., and S. 



257. PLETHODON Tschudi. (77X^0?, crowd ; 68d>v, tooth.) 

 a. Costal groove 16 to 18 ; palatine teeth not extend ing outward beyond inner 



503. P. cinereus (Green). Plumbeous above, often with a 

 broad brownish red dorsal band ; belly marbled ; body very slen- 

 der; tail cylindric; inner toes rudimentary. L. 3. E. U. S., 

 common under logs, etc. ; nocturnal in habit and very active. 

 (P. eryihronotus Green.) 



aa. Costal grooves 14; palatine teeth extending outside of inner nares. 



504. P. glutinosus (Green). Black, usually with bluish-white 

 blotches and specks; stout; tail rounded; inner toes well de- 

 veloped. L. 5 to 7. E. U. S., chiefly terrestrial. 



258. GYRINOPHILUS Cope, (yvpii/oj, tadpole; #Xo*, lover.) 



505. G. porphyriticus (Green). Yellowish or purplish brown 

 above, irregularly blotched with gray ; head broad ; tail rounded at 



