232 AVES : ANSERES. XXXV. 



and black, the dark waved lines unbroken ; breast, ruinp, etc., 

 black ; belly white ; speculum bluish gray, .tipped with white ; 9 

 duller; bill and feet dull bluish. L. 20. W. 10. T. 3. B. 2. 

 N. Am., abundant. 



b. Bill as long as middle toe without claw, its tip flattened, the nail little 



hooked. (Aristonetta Baird.) 



700. A. vallisneria (Wilson). CANVAS-BACK DUCK. Head 

 and neck dark reddish brown ; black wavy lines on back broken, 

 the whitish predominating; bill dusky. L. 23. W. 9. T. 3. 

 B. 2|. N. Am. ; especially coastwise in winter ; a bird highly 

 valued by epicures, but ordinarily not superior to any of the river- 

 ducks. (Vallisneria spiralis, the "Water Celery," on which the 

 bird feeds.) 



aa. Bill wider toward end than at base ; <? with head and neck black. (Fu- 

 ligula Stephens.) 



c. Speculum white, tipped with black. 



701. A. marila (L.). BIG SCAUP DUCK. BLUE BILL. RAFT 

 DUCK. FLOCKING FOWL. Head, neck, and breast black; no 

 ring about neck ; back and sides whitish, the back finely waved 

 with black; 9 with f ace white; the head and neck snuffy brown. 

 L. 20. W. 9. Northern regions, the American bird is var. 

 nearctica Stejneger, its 6 inner quills without white on inner web. 

 (/zapiAq, charcoal.) 



702. A. affiiiis (Eyton). LESSER SCAUP DUCK. Similar, but 

 smaller; the sides vermiculate with blackish. L. 16. W. 8. T. 

 2. N. Am. (Lat., related.) 



cc. Speculum bluish gray. 



703. A. collaris (Donovan). RING-NECKED DUCK. with an 

 orange brown collar about neck ; blackish above ; crissum black ; 

 lower parts white ; wings brown ; 9 chiefly brown, without collar. 

 L. 18. W. 8J. T. 2f. N. Am. (Lat., collared.) 



356. CLANG-ULA Leach. (Clangor, noise.) 



704. C. clangula (L.). GOLDEN-EYE. GARROT. $ head puffy, 

 glossy green with a round white spot before eye not touching bill ; 

 upper parts black ; white continuous on outer surface of wing ; 9 

 head duller, snuff-colored and scarcely puffy, the body brownish. 

 L. 16 to 19. W. 8J. T. 3. N. Am., common; "meat bad, rank 

 and fishy." (Eu.~) The Amer. bird is var. americana Bonap. 



705. C.islandica(Gmelin). BARROW'S GOLDEN-EYE. Similar; 

 head almost crested in I gloss of head purplish ; a roundish white 

 space before eye touching base of bill ; white of wing divided by a 

 dark line ; 9 head dark brown. L. 22. W. 10. T. 3f. N. U. S. 

 and N. ; rare. . (Eu.} (From Iceland.) 



