252 AVES: GALLING. XXXIX. 



dd. Tail about half as long as wing ; toes naked. 



f. Neck with a ruff of straight stiff feathers, beneath which is a 



bare, inflatable air-sac; tail rounded. . TYMPANUCHUS, 408. 



ff. Neck without peculiar feathers ; tail graduated, the middle 



feathers exserted PEDICECETES, 409. 



404. COLINUS Lesson. (Mex. name, Acolin.) 



790. C. virginianus (L.). BOB- WHITE. QUAIL (North). 

 PARTRIDGE (South). Forehead, line through eyes, chin and throat 

 white, brownish yellow in 9 5 crown dark ; plumage generally 

 chestnut red, barred and streaked. L. 9. W. 5. T. 3. B. f . 

 E. U. S., W. to Great Plains, abundant. The smaller European 

 quail, Coturnix coturnix L., with very short tail and lower mandible 

 entire, has been introduced E. 



405. DENDRAGAFUS Elliot. (Sevdpov, tree ; dyaTrrj, love.) 



a. Tail of 16 feathers ; no evident air-sac on side of neck (Canachites 

 Stejneger). 



791. D. canadensis (L.). SPRUCE PARTRIDGE. CANADA 

 GROUSE. Black above with grayish markings; mostly black below 

 with white spots ; the sides streaked ; tail black, often tipped with 

 reddish; 9 smaller, black interrupted or streaky. L. 16. W. 6|. 

 T. 5^. Spruce swamps, northward ; S. to N. Y. and Mich. 



406. BONASA Stephens. (p6va<ros, wild bull.) 



792. B. umbellus (L.). RUFFED GROUSE. PARTRIDGE 

 (North). PHEASANT (South). Crested ; sides of neck with a 

 ruff of soft dark feathers ; color reddish or grayish brown, much 

 streaked and variegated with blackish and pale. L. 1 8. W. 7J. 

 T. 7. E. U. S., abundant in woodland. (Lat., umbel.) 



407. LAGOFTTS Brisson. (Xaytos-, hare ; TTOUS-, foot.) 



793. L. lagopus (L.). WHITE PTARMIGAN. WILLOW GROUSE. 

 Fore parts cinnamon brown, variegated with blackish, rest of body 

 chiefly white ; winter plumage pure white, the tail black ; bill stout. 

 L. 16. W. 8. T. 5. Arctic, S. to N. K Y. in winter. (Eu.) 

 Some other species occur N. 



408. TYMPANUCHUS Gloger. (Lat., tympanum, drum; nucha, 



nape.) 



a. Scapulars without conspicuous terminal whitish spots; neck tufts in (f of 

 more than 10 parallel-edged, obtuse feathers. 



794. T. americanus (Reichenbach). PINNATED GROUSE. 

 PRAIRIE HEN. PRAIRIE CHICKEN. Sides of neck with a tuft of 

 long pointed feathers, beneath which is a patch of bare, red skin, 

 capable of great inflation ; color black, tawny and white, much 



