268 AVES : PICI. XL1V. 



444. SPHYRAPICUS Baird. (<r(f>vpa, hammer; P/cus.) 



848. S. varius (L.). YELLOW-BELLIED WOODPECKER. Black 

 and whitish above ; black on breast ; rump mixed black and white ; 

 belly more or less yellowish ; sides streaked with dusky ; a white 

 wing patch ; quills with white spots ; crown red in adult $ and 

 usually 9 also ; chin scarlet, throat black in $ ; both white in 9 , 

 young dull brownish. L. 8J. W. 4|. T. 3. N. Am., not rare, 

 the only woodpecker which ever injures trees. 



445. CEOPHLCBUS Cabanis. (Hylatomus ; Baird.) 

 (*eo>, to split ; <Xoioj, bark.) 



849. C. pileatus (L.). LOGCOCK. Black; white streak down 

 neck ; crest and cheek patch scarlet in g ; cheeks and front of 

 crest black in 9 . L. 18. W. 9. T. 7. K". Am. ; in heavy- tim- 

 ber, a shy bird, now rare ; subspec. abieticola Bangs, northward. 



446. MEL ANERPES Swainson. (/leXar, black ; ep-nys, creeper.) 

 a. Back, scapulars and wing-coverts glossy Llue-black (grayish in young). 

 (Melanerpes.) 



850. M. erythrocephalus (L.). RED-HEADED WOODPECKER. 

 Whole head and neck crimson in both sexes, bordered below by 

 black ; belly, rump, secondaries, etc., pure white ; rest of body glossy 

 blue-black. L. 9f W. 5. T. 3f . E. U. S., rare in N. E., very 

 abundant W. (epvOpos, red ; KccpdXr), head.) 



aa. Back, scapulars and wings barred with white. (Centurus Swainson.) 



851. M. carolinus (L.). RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER. Gray- 

 ish, much barred above with black and white ; belly pale ashy, more 

 or less reddish-tinged; crown and nape crimson in <, ashy in 9 . 

 L. 9f . W. 5. T. 3J. E. U. S., rather S., common W. 



447. COLAPTES Swainson. (jcoXaTrrqr, chisel.) 



852. C. auratus (L.). YELLOW-HAMMER. FLICKER. GOLDEN- 

 WINGED WOODPECKER. HIGH-HOLER. Head ashy, with red 

 nuchal crescent ; back drab-color, barred with black ; rump white ; 

 below pinkish brown shading into yellowish ; a black crescent on 

 breast ; belly with numerous round black spots ; shafts and under 

 surfaces of quills golden yellow ; $ with a black maxillary patch. 

 L. 12. W. 6. T. 4^. E. N. Am., abundant; subspec. luteus 

 Bangs N. 



853. C. cafer (Gmelin). RED-SHAFTED FLICKER. Quills with 

 orange red instead of golden ; maxillary patches^ in red instead 



1 The earlier name Hylatomus is set aside by the A. O. U. on account of the still 

 earlier Hylotoma, a genus of Insects. I have elsewhere maintained that " A name is 

 a name without necessary meaning," and therefore that generic names are different 

 unless spelled alike, even though derived from the same Greek root. I prefer to use 

 Hylatomus, Eremophila, Lagochila, Lucania, Icteria, Cestreus, Heterodontus, and similar 

 names, notwithstanding their similarity to Hylotoma, Eremophilus, Lagocheilus, 

 Lucanus, Icterus, Cestrceus, and Heterodon. 



