DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION. 31 



(d) Accidental stragglers. 



From Europe. From the West. 



European Widgeon. White Pelican. 



European Green-winged Teal. Arkansas Kingbird. 



Corn Crake. Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. 



European Woodcock. Lark Sparrow. 



Curlew Sandpiper. Varied Thrush. 

 Ruff. 



(c) Species apparently extinct in the State. 



Eskimo Curlew. Pinnated Grouse.* 



Whooping Crane.* Wild Turkey.* 



Passenger Pigeon.* 



Birds are limited in their distribution during the breeding season 

 by the various isotherms which divide the country into several dis- 

 tinct life zones. These do not run like the parallels of latitude, but 

 are bent and irregular according to the elevation of the country. A 

 mountain chain brings a cool climate with boreal birds and plants 

 far southward, while a low open river valley carries southern species 

 and a mild climate northward. 



In Xew Jersey the southern half of the State from Trenton to the 

 Raman and lower Hudson valley belongs to the Carolinian Zone 

 a belt characterized by the presence of such birds as the Cardinal, 

 Kentucky Warbler, Worm-eating Warbler, Blue-winged Warbler, 

 Tufted Titmouse, Carolina Chickadee, Carolina Wren and Acadian 

 Flycatcher. 



Xorth of this we have the Alleghanian Zone in which we find as 

 breeding birds the Veery, Least Flycatcher, Redstart, Chestnut-sided 

 Warbler, Rose-breasted Grosbeak and Bobolink. The boundary is 

 not sharply drawn and some of the Carolinian species here and there 

 press a Tittle farther north and the Alleghanian species a little south- 

 ward. In the immediate vicinity of the Delaware river indeed some 

 Carolinian species extend as far as the northern boundary of Xew 

 Jersey. 



The Canadian Zone which covers much of the northern United 

 States extending southward to the summits of the Adirondacks, 

 Catskills and the Alleghanies to North Carolina, is probably not 



* Formerly nested in New Jersey, although in the case of the Crane the 

 record may be open to question. 



