190 REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 



aaaa. Bill slender or conical (or, if somewhat flattened, plumage with bright 

 tints). 

 6. No yellow in plumage. 



c. Back not streaked, tail not brown narrowly cross-barred with 

 black. 



d. General plumage black or with metallic reflections 

 (feathers often edged with buff or rusty in autumn). 1 

 e. Whole plumage uniform (except for autumnal 

 edgings). 



f. Wing over 10. CROWS, p. 202 



//. Wing under 6. 



GRACKLES or BLACKBIRDS, p. 207 

 ee. Head brown. COWBIRD, p. 209 



eee. Shoulders red and buff (or white). 



RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD, p. 210 

 dd. Back and head black. 



e. Belly white. CHEWINK, p. 242 



ee. Belly and rump orange. BALTIMORE ORIOLE, p. 214 



eee. Belly and rump chestnut. ORCHARD ORIOLE, p. 213 



ddd. Back gray or ashy (feathers edged with rusty in Rusty 



Blackbird). 



e. No white on tail. 



/. Head and rump with yellow-olive tint. 



PINE GROSBEAK (female), p. 220 

 ff. No olive tint. 



g. Under parts ashy. 



h. Under tail-coverts rufous. 



CATBIRD, p. 295 



hh. Under tail-coverts not rufous, 

 i. Lighter below than above. 



COWBIRD (female), p. 209 

 ii. Uniform above and below. 

 RUSTY BLACKBIRD (female), p. 215 

 gg. Under parts whitish, throat and cap 

 black. CHICKADEES, p. 305 



ee. White spots at the end of outer tail feathers. 



/. Under parts rusty red. ROBIN, p. 314 



ff. Under parts white or pale gray. 



g. Black ear patch. SHRIKES, p. 257 



gg. No ear patch. 



h. Wing over 4. MOCKINGBIRD, p. 294 

 hh. Wing under 4. JUNCO, p. 238 



f. Under parts narrowly banded with dusky. 



SHRIKES, p. 257 



dddd. Plumage of upper surface bright blue-gray or brilliant 

 blue. 



e. Blue-gray. 



f. Cap or nape black. NUTHATCHES, p. 303 

 ff. Cap uniform with back. 



g. Throat white. GNATCATCHER, p. 309 

 gg. Throat black. 



BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER, p. 274 



1 European Starling glossy black, with purple reflections and round whitish 

 spots (see p. 206). 



