236 COSMOS. 



Gunung Tengger, which has the largest crater* of all the volcanoes 

 of Java : height at the cone of eruption of Bromo, 7547 feet, ac- 

 cording to Junghuhn. 



The volcano of Osorno (Chili) : 7550 feet, according to Fitzroy. 



The volcano of Pico\ (Azores) : 7614 feet, according to Captain 

 Vidal. 



The volcano of the island of Bourbon: 8002 feet, according to 

 Berth. 



Third group, from 8000 to 12,000 Paris or 8528 to 12,792 

 Englishjfeet in height. 



The volcano of Awatscha (peninsula of Kamtschatka), not to he 

 confounded^ with the rather more northern Strjeloschnaja Sopka, 

 which is usually called the volcano of Awatscha by the English 

 navigators : 8912 feet, according to Erman. 



The volcano of Antuco or Anto'io (Chili) : 8920 feet, according to 

 Domeyko. 



The volcano of the island of Fogo\\ (Cape Verd Islands): 9154 feet, 

 according to Charles Deville. 



* Junghuhn, Op. cit. sup., bd. i., s. 68 and 98. 



t See my Relation Historique, t. i., p. 93, especially with regard to 

 the distance at which the summit of the volcano of the island of Pico 

 has sometimes been seen. Ferrer's old measurement gave 7918 feet, 

 and therefore 304 feet more than the certainly more careful survey of 

 Captain Vidal in 1843. 



| Erman, in his interesting geognostic description of the volcanoes 

 of the peninsula of Kamtschatka, gives the Awatschinskaja or Gore- 

 laja Sopka as 8912 feet, and the Strjeloschnaja Sopka, which is also 

 called Korjaskaja Sopka, as 11,822 feet (Reise, bd. iii., s. 494 and 

 540). See with regard to these two volcanoes, of which the former is 

 the most active, Leopold de Buch, Descr. Physique des lies Canaries, 

 p. 447-450. Erman's measurement of the volcano of Awatscha agrees 

 best with the earliest measurements of Mongez (8739) during the ex- 

 pedition of La Perouse (1787), and with the more recent one of Cap- 

 tain Beechy (9057 feet). Hofmann in Kotzebue's voyage, and Lenz 

 in Lutke's voyage, found only 8170 and 8214 feet; see Lutke, Voyage 

 autour du Monde, t. iii., p. 67-84. The admiral's measurement of the 

 Strjeloschnaja Sopka gave 11,222 feet. 



See Pentland's table of elevations in Mrs. Somerville's Physical 

 Geography, vol. ii., p. 452 ; Sir Woodbine Parish, Buenos Ayres and 

 the Province of the Rio de la Plata. 1852, p. 348; Poppig, Reise in 

 Chile und Peru, bd. i., s. 411-434. 



|| Is it probable that the height of the summit of this remarkable 

 volcano is gradually diminishing? A barometrical measurement by 

 Baldey, Vidal, and Mudge, in the year 1819, gave 2975 metres, or 

 9760 feet; while a very accurate and practiced observer, Sainte-Claire 

 Deville, who has done such important service to the geognosy of vol- 

 canoes, only found 2790 metres, or 9154 feet, in tne year 1842 ( Voy- 

 age aux lies Antilles et d file de Fogo, p. 155). Captain King had a 

 little while before determined the height of the volcano of Fogo to be 

 only 2686 metres, or 8813 feet. 



