TRUE VOLCANOES. 391 



as lofty, old volcanic trachytic mountains, under lat. 

 and long. 1 17 40' and 119 40'. They are, therefore, re- 

 markable as being more than 300 geographical miles dis- 

 tant from the coast. 



Mount Edgecombe,* on the small Lazarus Island, near 

 Sitka (lat. 57 3'). Its violent igneous eruption in 1796 

 has already been mentioned by me see above, p. 255). 

 Captain Lisiansky, who ascended it in the first years of 

 the present century, found the volcano then unignited. Its 

 height(*) reaches, according to Ernst Hofmann, 3039 feet ; 

 according to Lisiansky, 2801 feet. Near it are hot springs 

 which issue from granite, as on the road from the Valles de 

 Aragua to Portocabello. 



Mount Fairweather, or Cerro de Buen Tiempo ; accord- 

 ing to Malaspina, 4489 metres, or 14,710 feet highf (lat. 

 58 35'). Covered with pumice-stone and probably ignited 

 up to a short time back, like Mount Elias. 



The volcano of Cook's Inlet (lat. 60 8') ; according to 

 Admiral Wrangel, 12,065 feet high, and considered by that 

 intelligent mariner, as well as by Vancouver, to be an act- 

 ive volcano. { 



Mount Elias (lat. 60 IT, long. 136 10' 30") ; accord- 

 ing to Malaspina's manuscripts, which I found in the Ar- 

 chives of Mexico, 5441 metres, or 17,854 feet ; according 

 to Captain Denham's chart, from 1853 to 1856, the height 

 is only 14,970 feet. 



What M'Clure, in his account of the Northwest Passage, 

 calls the volcano of Franklin's Bay (lat. 69 57', long. 127), 

 eastward of the mouth of the Mackenzie River, seems to be 

 a kind of earth-fire, or salses, throwing out hot, sulphurous 

 vapors. An eye-witness, the missionary Miertsching, inter- 

 preter to the expedition on board the ship Investigator, found 

 from thirty to forty columns of smoke rising from fissures in 

 the earth, or from small conical mounds of clays of various 

 colors. The sulphurous odor was so strong that it was scarce- 

 ly possible to approach the columns of smoke within a dis- 

 tance of twelve paces. No rock or other solid masses could 



(*) Karsten's Archiv.fitr Mimralogie, bd. i., 1829, s. 243. 



f Humboldt, Essai Polit. sur la Nouv. Esp., t. i., p. 266, torn. ii. 

 p. 310. 



J According to a manuscript which I was permitted to examine in 

 the year 1803, in the Archives of Mexico, the whole coast of Nutka, 

 as far as what was afterward called " Cook's Inlet," was visited during 

 the expedition of Juan Perez, and Estevan Jose Martinez, in the year 

 1774. 



