PHANEROGAMS. 



I. ANGIOSPERMS. 



VEGETATIVE ORGANS. (A) DICOTYLEDONS. 



EMBKYO AND GERMINATION. 



I. EXAMINE the ripe fruit of the Sunflower (Heli- 



anthus annuus). 



N.B. The " seeds " sold for sowing are really achsenia, includ- 

 ing the products of development of both ovary and ovule. 



It is a dry inferior achsenium, with narrower basal, and 

 broader apical end : at the latter is a scar, where were 

 inserted the style and other floral organs. 



Compare fruits in situ on the floral receptacle. 



Dissect off the brittle Pericarp, from the anatropous 

 and exalbuminous seed, which it incloses. 



Note the delicate Testa, and, within this, the straight 

 Embryo, of which the Radicle is directed towards the 

 micropyle (i.e. towards the base of the fruit), and the 

 two Cotyledons towards the apex of the fruit. 



II. Compare plants, which have been germinated 

 for different periods from one day to one week, and 

 observe the following points in the process : 



1. The internal parts of the fruit swell, and cause 

 the brittle pericarp to split longitudinally. 



