124 PRACTICAL BOTANY. 



apex, rises a fresh series or whorl of five lobes, these 

 are the young Stamens. 



About this stage may be seen externally, below the 

 corolla, a slight protuberance on each side of the 

 flower (as seen in section). This is the first appear- 

 ance of the Calyx, which consists in the mature flower 

 of two scaly sepals. 



N.B, This order of appearance of the floral whorls is not 

 normal, but is the rule in the order Composite^. In the large 

 majority of plants the calyx is developed first, then the corolla, 

 and then the stamens. 



(e). Within the whorl of stamens there arise, at the 

 margin of the now much depressed apex, the last series 

 of floral organs, viz., two Carpels, which arch over the 

 apical depression, and thus close in the cavity of the 

 inferior ovary. 



(/). All the organs increase in size, while from the 

 base of the cavity of the ovary, a papilla arises, which 

 develops into a single anatropous Ovule, with one 

 Integument, and small Nucellus. 



(For the development of the ovule cf. Helleborus, 

 p. 130.) 



Cut horizontal (i.e. transverse) sections of a capitu- 

 lum : treat as before : examine with a low power. 



Note the arrangement of bracteoles, with young 

 flowers in their axils, round the central naked apex. 

 The youngest flowers will appear simply circular in 

 outline (simple papillae of stages a and 5) : older 

 flowers will show successively 



(i). The five papillae of the Corolla (petals) uniting 

 at an early stage into a gamopetalous corolla-tube. 

 (Stage c.) 



