390 PEACTICAL BOTANY. 



off numerous weaker bundles from the margins of its 

 meshes : these weaker bundles run out into the leaves. 



V. Remove from the apical bud the large quantities 

 of scaly hairs (ramenta), so as to lay bare 



1. The young leaves, with their circinate vernation. 



2. The broad apex of the stem with leaves in 

 various stages of development around it. 



3. The young roots, which will be found already 

 present on the bases of very young leaves. 



4. The young buds, which may be observed at a 

 very early stage on the posterior side of the leaves. 



Though the above is the general type of bundle-arrangement 

 for Ferns with ascending or upright stems, in Ferns with creeping 

 stems other modes of arrangement are found, which, however, 

 may be regarded as being related to the type above described. 

 Thus (1) in the Hymenophyllacece, &c., there is a single central 

 bundle, an arrangement which is found also in the young seed- 

 lings of other more complex forms ; (2) in species of Davallia 

 and others with horizontal stems, the ring consists of two stronger 

 bundles, one running parallel to the upper, the other to the 

 lower surface; between these are on each side several smaller 

 bundles, which, together with the two stronger ones, form an 

 interrupted ring as seen in transverse section ; (3) in other cases 

 there are several (in Pteris two) concentric rings of bundles, 

 which give off branches to the leaves, &c. 



III. Microscopic investigation. 



VI. Cut transverse sections of the stock : it is hardly 

 to be expected that a transverse section of so bulky a 

 stem as this could be cut so uniformly thin that the 

 structure of all the tissues could be well seen; it is 

 better therefore to cut a number of sections, each ex- 

 tending over a comparatively small area, and to study 

 the various tissues separately. Mount some in (1) 



