60 THE CREAMERY PATRON'S HANDBOOK. 



probably be necessary to give two or three applications per week, until the 

 outer ends of the hair become coated with the resin. After that retouch 

 those parts where the resin is rubbed off. 



MANAGEMENT AFTER WEANING. 



FEEDING: Skim milk can be profitably fed to calves until they are 

 five or six months old, and when milk is plenty even longer. Weaning 

 from milk should be done by gradually reducing the allowance; at least one 

 week should be consumed in the change. If pastures containing plenty of 

 feed and water are available young dairy stock could ask for no better 

 quarters. If weaning occurs in winter they should be supplied with plenty 

 of nutritious rough feed, such as alfalfa, red clover, cow-pea hay or soy bean 

 hay. These can be supplemented to advantage with sorghum hay, corn 

 stover, Kafir-corn stover, millet, timothy, orchard grass or prairie hay. It 

 is very desirable to have plenty of leguminous crops, like the first four men- 

 tioned, to furnish plenty of protein to develop bone and muscle. Heifers 

 intended for future usefulness in the dairy need very little or no grain after 

 weaning until they drop their first calves. The object is to develop large 

 frames and large paunches. This can be better and more economically 

 done with roughness than with grain. In the winter of 1900-01 a small 

 herd of grade Guernsey heifers -were wintered in excellent shape on alfalfa 

 and sorghum without grain. 



SHELTER: Under conditions existing in Kansas a shed open to the 

 south is ample protection for young dairy stock. Hardiness is one of the 

 very essential points to develop in dairy cattle. This cannot be done where 

 the young stock are kept in as warm and close quarters as is usually neces- 

 sary for the milch cow. In northern climes the open shed may not be suf- 

 ficient but the object should be to come as close to it as the climate will 

 permit. 



INOCULATING FOR BLACK LEG: A large number of calves are lost every 

 year from black leg. Protective inoculation is the only successful way of 

 combating this disease. Experiments at the Kansas Station show that 

 the death rate is more than seven times as great before as after inoculation. 

 A man is running too much risk in allowing his heifers to go uninoculated. 

 If the reader cannot procure vaccine for inoculation from his own Experi- 

 ment Station he can probably 'get it of the United States Department of 

 Agriculture or from some commercial manufacturers advertised in the stock 

 and dairy papers. 



BREEDING: Dairy heifers are nearly always stunted and frequently 

 injured more or less for life if they are bred to calve before they are two 

 years old. If the heifer was a spring calf it would be better to breed her 

 to calve in the fall following her second birthday. Fall calving is profitable 

 in more ways than one. When fresh, a cow will give a good flow of milk 

 even on dry feed. In the spring the stimulating effect of the green grass 

 will keep up and even increase the flow. A cow calving in the spring will 



