COMMERCIAL FEEDING STUFFS. 89 



as farmers. Cottonseed meal, as well as all other meals from the oil seeds, 

 contains practically all the compounds of the seed except the oil. In 

 other words the protein compounds and carbohydrates, together with a 

 small proportion of the oil, are left behind when the crushed seed is sub- 

 mitted to pressure or leached with a lignt benzol. There is then a concen- 

 tration of certain parts of the seed in the waste, and for this reason we 

 see the protein in pure cottonseed meal always ranging above 42 per 

 cent, and sometimes reaching nearly 50 per cent. The same facts are 

 in general true of linseed meal, where the proportion of protein reaches 35 

 or 38 per cent. There is no reason to suppose that the compounds which are 

 left in the by-products from the oil seeds are injured for nutrition purposes 

 by the pressure, heat or other influences to which they are subjected. 



3. STARCH AND GLUCOSE WASTES. The seed of Indian corn, or, more 

 properly, maize seed, contains a very large proportion of starch. Inventive 

 ingenuity has discovered mechanical methods for separating this starch 

 from other parts of the kernel, which may be sold as such or subjected to the 

 action of acids and converted into glucose. As in the case with the oil meals, 

 the starch wastes are not injured by the process of manufacture, as the maize 

 kernel is only subjected to crushing and to the action of water. There is a 

 variety of these wastes from starch manufacture, and concerning them there 

 has been much confusion of understanding by people at large. Farmers 

 are quite accustomed to simply designate these materials as gluten. 



Starch wastes include three kinds or grades of material. The most 

 valuable part is what is properly known as gluten meal, and it consists of the 

 flinty portion of the maize kernel w"hich lies directly under the hull and out- 

 side of the central portion of the seed, which is more purely starch. Gluten 

 meal contains practically as much protein as linseed meal, or from 35 to 37 

 per cent. 



Another starch waste is the hull of the maize kernel itself, and it is un- 

 doubtedly of less value than the same weight of the entire kernel. This 

 hull is sometimes spoken of as sugar corn waste and corn feed, but is more 

 properly designated as corn bran. 



Gluten feed, the third form of waste from starch manufacture, is simply 

 the mixture of the gluten meal and the corn bran. This material contains 

 approximately 25 per cent: of protein. It is important, therefore, for the 

 dairyman to clearly understand whether he is buying gluten meal, gluten 

 feed or corn bran. There is a great difference in the proportions of the 

 constituents of these several materials and an important difference in their 

 digestibility. 



4. BREWERS' AND DISTILLERY WASTES. Sugar is required for the 

 manufacture of alcohol, whether it is found in old fashioned New England 

 rum or in lager beer. At the present time, this sugar is obtained from our 

 cereal grains, chiefly corn, rye and barley. The first thing which is neces- 

 sary is the conversion of the starch of these grains into maltose, a form of 

 sugar. For instance, the maltster submits moistened barley grains to a 



