152 THE CREAMERY PATRON'S HANDBOOK. 



so-called churned butter for the week would fall short or over-run the esti- 

 mated butter, which here represented the true butter producing value of 

 the herd. 



With this way of calculating instead of churning churned butter there 

 is but little satisfaction in trying to compare the yield of churned butter 

 with butterfat; but considering that in a series of twenty-six weeks and as 

 many churnings of each breed, uhe law of Averages should pretty nearly 

 balance up the errors of such a method, when we find that for the whole 

 period the churned butter has zallen short of tae stimated butter (in every 

 breed but one) from 19 to 71 Ibs., or from 1.3 o 4.7 per cent., the inference 

 is that 85 Ibs. of fat will not make 100 Ibs. rf butter under these conditions. 



Taking the whole amount of churned butt or, arrived at as above de- 

 scribed, we find that it took very close to 87 ..be. of fat in milk to make 100 

 Ibs. of butter, or that it gave a trifle ever 15 per cent, over- run. 



The butter was made by an expert dairy buttermaker from New York 

 State, and I think worked a little dryer than most western creameries 

 work it. 



The weighing and testing of all milk which formed the basis of produc- 

 tion for each cow and herd, was donj by two experienced and responsible 

 men. One from Canada, Mr. James Stonehouse, Agricultural College 

 Guelph, Ont., and the other from the United States (the writer). 



THE COMPOSITE METHOD OF TESTING. 



As a check on any possible tampering with composite samples, and in 

 order to obtain further data on the question of composite vs. daily test, 

 these men in charge of the testing, as opportunity afforded, tested samples 

 of each milking for an entire week corresponding with the composite test 

 week. 



One breed was run at a time in this way, but in all, seven breeds were 

 tested, through a period covering all kinds of weather, and together furnish 

 a vast amount of evidence in favor of the composite method of testing 

 individual cows and herds. In addition to this, it serves to demonstrate 

 how widely many cows milk will vary in richness from one milking and one 

 day to another. It served to demonstrate in what way sexual heat, sick- 

 ness, excessively hot weather and other temporary disturbances affect the 

 test. 



In no instance did the composite test vary more than .1 per cent, from 

 the per cent, fat as determined from the pounds of fat yielded at each milk- 

 ing separately. Where the cows were milked three times a day, as most of 

 them were throughout the test, 21 separate samples were tested and the fat 

 figured out to compare with the composite test for the week. 



A comparison of average per cent, of fat in the week's milk of the herds 

 of five cows, with the test of the same herd for one full day of the same week, 

 shows that it is often misleading to take a single day's sample as an indica- 

 cation of the test of the herd for a week. See following examples taken 



