FOOD EFFECT ON MILK SECRETION. 223 



and vice versa. The warm water gave the best results, making 1.002 pounds 

 of milk more per day. The cows ate more while on warm water than on 

 the cold. The fat content was about the same in the samples of the different 

 milk. 



It is an interesting fact that a cow in full flow of milk requires from 

 one-fourth to one- third more water than when she is not giving milk, and 

 a cow giving a large quantity of milk requires more than one not giving so 

 much. Cows not giving milk require from 70 to 80 pounds daily upon 

 dry feed and from 100 to 120 pounds daily when giving milk. 



THE EFFECT OF CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE AND STORMS. The effect 

 of sudden change in temperature seems to affect the secretion of milk in 

 an indirect manner through the nervous system. It would be but natural 

 to expect that some effect would be noticed either upon the quantity or qual- 

 ity or both. An examination of the milk in butter fat record of the cow 

 Early Morn at the Indiana Station for one year, fails to show any connec- 

 tion between the quantity or quality of her milk, and the condition of the 

 weather. In fact, her greatest variations occurred at times when the 

 weather was stationary. It may be remarked in this case, that this might 

 be due in part to the unusual good protection which she received. 



The study made upon the effect of temperature at the Vermont Ex- 

 periment Station and its results seems to show that the effect of temperature 

 upon the quality of milk is an inverse one, that almost two-thirds or exactly 61 

 per cent, of the changes in quality were in opposite directions to the 

 changes in temperature. During the period under observa- 

 tion there were thirty-one changes of temperature; seventeen rising, ten 

 falling, four stationary. On fifteen of the days, when the weather became 

 warmer the fat in the milk decreased, and as the weather became cooler, 

 the fat increased. The tendency from this would seem to be that the milk 

 became richer when the temperature was falling, and less rich during the 

 rising temperature. In the test in 1892, there were 55 chances for com- 

 paring the effect of changing temperature upon the per cent, of total 

 fat in milk, and 33 to test the effect on the per cent, of total solids. There were 

 22 cases of rising, 21 of falling and 12 of stationary noon temperature. Dur- 

 ing the twenty-one days the fat percentage in night's milk changed in op- 

 posite direction to the temperature, during eighteen it changed in the same 

 direction, and in four cases there was no change in fat per cent., thus con- 

 firming the former test. The total solids were found to rise and fall in 

 much the same way as the fat. During the thirty-three days of the first 

 half of the test, in which the calculations of the solids were made, there 

 were fourteen days of rising, twelve of falling and seven of stationary noon 

 temperature. On fifteen days the total solids percentage in the night 

 milk varied inversely, on seven days the changes were in the same direc- 

 tion and there were four cases of no change. A little more than two-thirds 

 (68 per cent.) of the changes were in the opposite direction to the temperature 



