vii.] METHODS AND RESULTS OF ETHNOLOGY. 159 



between the offsprings of their intermixture. A poste- 

 riori, I cannot discover any satisfactory proof that such 

 infertility exists. 



From the facts of ethnology I now turn to the theories 

 and speculations of ethnologists, which have been devised 

 to explain these facts, and to furnish satisfactory answers 

 to the inquiry what conditions have determined the 

 existence of the persistent modifications of mankind, 

 and have caused their distribution to be what it is ? 



These speculations may be grouped under three heads: 

 firstly, the Monogenist hypotheses ; secondly, those of 

 the Polygenists ; and thirdly, that which would result 

 from a simple application of Darwinian principles to 

 mankind. 



According to the Monogenists, all mankind have sprung 

 from a single pair, whose multitudinous progeny spread 

 themselves over the world, such as it now is, and became 

 modified into the forms we meet with in the various 

 regions of the earth, by the effect of the climatal and 

 other conditions to which they were subjected. 



The advocates of this hypothesis are divisible into 

 several schools. There are those who represent the most 

 numerous, respectable, and would-be orthodox of the 

 public, and are what may be called " Adamites," pure and 

 simple. They believe that Adam was made out of earth 

 somewhere in Asia, about six thousand years ago ; that 

 Eve was modelled from one of his ribs ; and that the 

 progeny of these two having been reduced to the eight 

 persons who were landed on the summit of Mount 

 Ararat after an universal deluge, all the nations of the 

 earth have proceeded from these last, have migrated to 

 their present localities, and have become converted into 

 Negroes, Australians, Mongolians, &c., within that time. 

 Five-sixths of the public are taught this Adanritie Mono- 

 genism, as if it were an established truth, and believe it. 



