172 CRITIQUES AND ADDRESSES. [vin. 



assuredly, a fair, yellow, or red-haired, blue-eyed, long- 

 skulled people. So were the Danes and the Norsemen 

 who followed them ; though it is very possible that the 

 active slave trade which went on, and the intercourse with 

 Ireland, may have introduced a certain admixture of the 

 dark stock into both Denmark and Norway. The Nor- 

 man conquest brought in new ethnological elements, the 

 precise value of which cannot be estimated with exact- 

 ness ; but as to their quality, there can be no question, 

 inasmuch as even the wide area from which William 

 drew his followers could yield him nothing but the fair 

 and the dark types of men, already present in Britain. 

 But whether the Norman settlers, on the whole, strength- 

 ened the fair or the dark element, is a problem, the 

 elements of the solution of which are not attainable. 



I am unable to discover any grounds for believing that 

 a Lapp element has ever entered into the population of 

 these islands. So far as the physical evidence goes, it is 

 perfectly consistent with the hypothesis that the only 

 constituent stocks of that population, now, or at any 

 other period about which we have evidence, are the dark 

 whites, whom I have proposed to call "Melanochroi" 

 and the fair whites, or " Xanthochroi." 



IV. The Xanthochroi and the Melanochroi of Britain 

 are, speaking broadly, distributed, at present, as they 

 were in the time of Tacitus ; and their representatives 

 on the continent of Europe have the same general dis- 

 tribution as at the earliest period of which we have any 

 record. 



At the present day, and notwithstanding the extensive 

 intermixture effected by the movements consequent on 

 civilization and on political changes, there is a predomi- 

 nance of dark men in the west, and of fair men in the 

 east and north, of Britain. At the present day, as from 

 the earliest times, the predominant constituents of the 



