XL] MR. DARWIN'S CRITICS. 259 



Suarez's fifteenth Disputation, though he adds, " Many 

 other references to the same effect could easily be given/' 

 I shall look anxiously for these references in the third 

 edition of the " Genesis of Species." For the present, all 

 I can say is, that I have sought in vain, either in the 

 fifteenth Disputation, or elsewhere, for any passage in 

 Suarez's writings which, in the slightest degree, bears 

 out Mr. Mivart's views as to his opinions. 1 



The title of this fifteenth Disputation is " De causa 

 formali substantiali," and the second section of that 

 Disputation (to which Mr. Mivart refers) is headed, 

 " Quomodo possit forma substantialis fieri in materia et 

 ex materia ? " 



The problem which Suarez discusses in this place may 

 be popularly stated thus : According to the scholastic 

 philosophy every natural body has two components 

 the one its "matter" (materia prima) 9 the other its 

 " substantial form " (forma substantialis). Of these 

 the matter is everywhere the same, the matter of one 

 body being indistinguishable from the matter of any 

 other body. That which differentiates any one natural 

 body from all others is its substantial form, which 

 inheres in the matter of that body, as the human soul 

 inheres in the matter of the frame of man, and is the 

 source of all the activities and other properties of the 

 body. 



Thus, says Suarez, if water is heated, and the source 

 of heat is then removed, it cools again. The reason 

 of this is that there is a certain "intimius principium " 

 in the water, which brings it back to the cool condition 

 when the external impediment to the existence of that 

 condition is removed. This intimius principium is the 

 " substantial form " of the water. And the substantial 



1 The edition of Suarez's " Disputationes " from winch the following citations 

 are given, is Birckmann's, in two volunies folio, and is dated 1630. 



89 

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