102 TIIK PLANT I5ASKS [CM. 



Hyosoyamine occurs in the Henbane (Hyoacyamw niger), //. 

 mutiwui and alno in the Mandrake (Mandragora). 



Erythroxylaceae : Cocaine and tropacocalne occur in Coca leaves 



(Ki'iithnu'ijln-n CHCII) together wil.h smaller <|iianfifies of allied alkaloids. 

 ( 'ocame has I IK- formula : 



H OCOC,,H 



\/ 

 C 



/\ 



CH 3 CHCOOCH 8 



I I 



OH CH 



\ / 



NCH 8 



OH a CH a 



I'unicaceae: Pollctieritie and >! her allied alkaloids occur in the root 

 and slmi of I he I'.mirgranati 1 Tivr ( /'/////((/ (,' nimiftnn). 



Leguininosac : Sparteine occurs in the Broom (Spartium scoparium): 

 lupinine in I lu \ How and black Lupins (Lupinus luteus and L. niger) 

 and cytisine in the Laburnum (Cytism Laburnum}. 



4. The quinoline alkaloids. 



These arc derivatives ol' (jumolinc. ((.^iiinolinc is a colourless liquid 



which boils at 239 C.) Its constitution is : 



CH CH 



CH C CH 



I II I 



CH C CH 



CH N 



(Juinolino 



Th(\st' alkaloids form l\vo natural i;roii|s, (u) the cinchona alkaloids, 

 i.o. (quinine, cmchoninc and allied forms, and (/>) the strychnine alkaloids, 

 i.e si i vdmme and hnirme. 



Quinine occurs in the bark of various species of the genus Cinchona 



(Iviihiaceae) which are trees, originally nati\es of S. America, hut now 

 rultuated on a lar^e scale in (Vylon, ,la\a and India. The species 

 employed are ( Y . ('(tlistti/tt. An/f/rrm/m, tijficinttliit.surcirubra. The yellow 

 hark of ( 'ttlistii/tt has the highest pei-ceJita^e, i.e. I*J",,. of alkaloid. 



(Quinine is a whit*' solid which cryslalli/es in long needles containing 

 water of cr\ stalli/.at ion. It is very sligliily soluble in cold water, more 

 M) in hot but. readily soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform. With 



