x] TIIK I'LANT BASKS 



acids it form* salts, which are soluble in water, the sulphate being 

 < -mil UK. iily employed in medicine. Quinine is said to have the following 

 < (institution : 



C, H Jfl (OH)N 



OCH : , 



Kxpt. 15ft. Extraction <! r<>action* of r/uininc. Mix 20 gm,s. of |ui-l<lim with 

 200 c.c. of water in a basin and than Add KX) gms. of powdered Cinchona bark. St ir 

 together wdl and then dry the mixture thoroughly on a water-bath, taking care to 

 |>owdcr the lump-. Tin- dried mixture in then extracted in a Soxhlet. apparatus with 

 'lilon.f'onn. Tin- i-hl.rf.nn <-\ti..i r- th<-n .shaken up in a separating funnel with 

 25 c.c. of dilute sulphuric acid. The chloroform layer in run of!' and again extracted 

 v. ill. ulph uric acid and water extracts are mixed together and n< iitr.,ii/i 



with ammonia. The liquid in evaporated on a w;tt< r kith until uryntalH of quiniin- 

 .sulj)hate begin to Heparate out. With the quinine milphate th<^ following tentH Mhould 

 be made. (It in better to tue a solution of the hydrochloride pr -\> .-m-d i-y adding a 

 few drop** of hydrochloric acid to the sulphate rotation) : 



(a) Test with the alkaloidal reagents of Kxpt. 161. 



(6) Add to a little of the solution some bromine water and then Home ammonia. 

 A green precipitate in formed which gives a green solution with excess of ammonia. 



(c) Dissolve a little of the solid quinine sulphate in acetic and ;inl piir into a 

 large volume of water. A blue opaleaoence is produced which is characteristic of 

 quinine. 



Cinchonine occurs together with quinine in Cinchona bark. It is 

 very similar in constitution to quinine, the latt r Ix-ing methoxy- 

 cinchoniod. 



Strychnine and brucine occur in the seeds of Nux Votnica (Strych- 

 UOH Nux-vomica) and St Ignatius' Bean (8. Ignatii). 



Kxpt. 150. Tit for strychnine. Add a little concentrated sulphuric acid to a 

 small quantity of strychnine in an evaporating dish un<l tin -u add a small amount 

 of powdered potassium bichromate. A violet coloration is produced which changes 

 to red and finally yellow. 



Curarine, the South American Indian Arrow poison, occurs in 

 (several species of Stryc/uwtt (/S f . toxifara and others). 



5. The iftoqu'inoline alk<il'.l 



These can be divided into two ^n/up.s: (a) the opium alkaloids and 

 (/>) the berberine alkaloids. 



The opium alkaloids ;;.;.! in fall into two classes: (1) tlx- papav-r IIM- 



11-2 



