CONTENTS 



PAGES. 



I. NATURE AND RELATIONS OF AN ORGANISM 1-9. 



I. The constitution of living matter 2. Arrangement of the components of 

 protoplasm 3. Environmental conditions 4. External forces to which protoplasm 

 reacts 5. Reactions of protoplasm to internal forces 6. Tonicity 7. Critical 



points in the action of external forces 8. Rigor 9. Irritability 10. Reactions 



may be morphologic, or physiologic n. Motile reactions 12. Mechanism of 

 irrito-motility 13. Sensory organs and zones 14. Transmission of impulses. 



II. RELATIONS OF PLANTS TO MECHANICAL FORCES 10-38. 



15. Mechanical shock 16. Contractile reactions to shock 17. Influence of me- 

 chanical shock upon the streaming movement of vegetative cells 18. Motile reac- 

 tions of a higher plant to mechanical shock 19. Rate of transmission of impulses, or 

 stimulus effects 20. Structure and action of the motor organs ax. Recovery of the 

 normal position after shock 22. Sensory elements 23. Method of transmission of 

 impulses in Mimosa and similar plants 24. Repetition of stimuli 25. Summation of 

 impulses 26. Reactions of stamens of Opuntia to shock 27. Accommodations of 

 Mimosa to repeated mechanical shock 28. Influence of shock upon metabolic and 

 other processes 29. Effect of shock upon transpiration 30. Contact as a stimu- 

 lus 31. Reactions to contact 32. Determination of the character of the bodies 

 which may act as contact stimuli 33. Transmission of impulses in tendrils 34. 

 Tetanized condition of a tendril 35. Localization of the perceptive zone 36. 

 Summation of stimuli 37. Measurement of the force of contraction 38. Struc- 

 ture of a tendril 39. Comparison of the irritability of tendrils and Mimosa 40. 

 Contact reactions of Drosera 41. Contact reactions of tendrils of Ampelopsis 42. 

 Curvature of roots away from solid objects 43. Compression, stretching, twisting, 

 and bending 44. Changes in tendrils due to pressure 45. Influence of stretching 

 forces 46. Differentiation of embryonic tissues under compression 47. Influence 

 of curvatures upon the origin and formation of secondary roots 48. Wounds, les- 

 ions, and general mechanical injuries 49. Changes in roots stimulated traumatrop- 

 ically 50. Movements of Mimosa in response to injury 51. Repeated movements 

 in response to injury 52. Traumatropic curvatures of tendrils 53. Tissues formed 

 in response to injuries 54. Formation of wound-cork and callus. 



III. INFLUENCE OF CHEMICALS UPON PLANTS 39-64. 



56. General chemical relations of the organism 57. Oxygen 58. Streaming 

 movements of protoplasm in the absence of oxygen 59. Influence of carbon di- 

 oxide upon protoplasm 60. Growth in oxygen 61. Influence of illuminating 

 gas 62. Effect of a vacuum upon seeds 63. Influence of ammonia upon proto- 

 plasm 64. Effect of ammonia vapor upon Mimosa 65. Nature and action of 

 poisons 66. Oxidizing poisons 67. Starvation 68. Oxidizing effects of potas- 

 sium permanganate 69. Oxidizing effect of potassium chlorate 70. Oxidizing 

 effect of hydrogen peroxide 71. Catalytic poisons 72. Effect of ether, and of 

 chloroform upon movement 73. Effect of chloroform upon Mimosa 74. 

 Effect of chloroform upon Oxalis leaves 75. Degree of molecular complexity, 

 and intensity of poisonous action 76. Nature and action of anaesthetics 77. Poisons 

 which form salts 78. Toxic action of substances in an ionic condition 79. Toxic 

 action of hydrochloric acid 80. Toxic action of silver nitrate 81. Effect of oxalic 



