INTRODUCTION OF LIGHTING BY COAL-GAS. 



11 



Deduct the value of 70 tons of coke 9$ 



The annual expenditure in coal, after deducting the value of the coke, 



and without allowing anything for the tar, is, therefore, 52 



And the interest of capital and wear and tear of apparatus 550 



making the total expense of the gas apparatus about 600 per annum. 



" That of candles to give the same light would be about 2000, each candle con- 

 suming at the rate of 4-10ths of an ounce of tallow per hour ; the 2500 candles burning 

 upon an average of the year two hours per day, would, at one shilling per pound (the 

 present price), amount to nearly the sum of money above-mentioned. 



" If the comparison were made upon an average of three hours per day, the advan- 

 tage would be still more in favour of the gas-light, the interest of the capital and wear 

 and tear of the apparatus continuing nearly the same as the former case ; thus 

 1250 x 3 = 3750 cubic feet of gas per day, which would be produced by 10J cwts. of 

 cannel coal, thus multiplied by the number of working days, gives 168 tons per annum, 

 which, valued as before, amounts to - - 188 



And 60 tons of common coal for burning under the retorts will amount to 30 



218 

 Deduct 105 tons of coke at 26*. 8rf. _.___- 140 



Leaving the expenditure of coal, after the deduction of the coke, and without 



allowance for the tar, at 78 



Adding to which the interest and wear and tear of apparatus as before, the total annual 

 cost will not be more than 650, whilst that of tallow, rated as before, will be 3000. 



" It will readily occur that the greater number of hours the gas is burnt, the greater 

 will be its comparative economy ; although in extending it beyond three hours an in- 

 crease of some parts of the apparatus would be necessary. If the economical comparison 

 were made with oils, the advantages would be less than with tallow. 



" The introduction of this species of light into the establishment of Messrs. Phillips 

 and Lee has been gradual, beginning at the year 1805 with two rooms of the mills, the 

 counting-house, and Mr. Lee's dwelling-house ; after which it was extended through to 

 the whole manufactory as expeditiously as the apparatus could be prepared. At first 

 some inconvenience was experienced from the smell of the unconsumed, or imperfectly 

 purified gas, which may in a great measure be attributed to the introduction of successive 

 improvements in the construction of the apparatus as the work proceeded. But since 

 its completion, and since the persons to whose care it is confided have become familiar with 

 its management, this inconvenience has been obviated, not only in the mill, but also in 

 Mr. Lee's house, which is most brilliantly illuminated with it, to the exclusion of every 

 other species of artificial light. 



" The peculiar softness and clearness of this light, with its almost unvarying intensity, 

 have brought it into great favour with the work-people ; and it being free from the in- 



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