DOUBLE-POINTED BONE IMPLEMENTS. 15 



portion of which passes outside and over the corner of the mouth, and acts as 

 a sort of spring to fasten the barb into the fish's jaw. The Indians prefer this 

 kind of hook for halibut fishing, although they can readily procure metal ones 



from the white traders. 



" The lines used in the halibut-fishing are usually made of the stems of the 

 gigantic kelp. A line attached to one of the arms of the halibut-hook holds 

 it in a vertical position, as shown in Fig. 9. The bait used is the cuttlefish or 



FIG. 9. Halibut-hook. Makah Indians, Cape Flattery. 



squid (Octopus tuberculatus) , which is plentiful and is taken by the natives by 

 means of barbed sticks, which they thrust under the rocks at low water, to 

 draw the animal out and kill it by transfixing it with the stick. A .portion 

 of the squid is firmly attached to the hook, which is sunk by means of a stone 

 to the bottom, the sinker keeping the hook nearly in a stationary position. To 

 the upper portion of the line it is usual to attach bladders, which serve as 

 buoys, and several are set at one time. W T hen the fish is hooked, it pulls the 

 bladder, but cannot draw it under water. The Indian, seeing the signal, paddles 

 out; hauls up the line; knocks the fish on the head with a club ; readjusts his 

 bait ; casts it overboard ; and proceeds to the next bladder he sees giving token 

 of a fish. When a number of Indians are together in a large canoe, and the 

 fish bite readily, it is usual to fish from the canoe without using the buoy."* 



FIG. 10. Codfish-hook. Makah Indians, Cape Flattery. 



Fig. 10, also one of Mr. Swan's illustrations, shows the form of a Makah 

 codfish-hook, which, though much simpler than the halibut-hook, is somewhat 



*Swan : The Indians of Cape Flattery ; pp. 41 and 23. 



