DKIFT-IMPLEMENTS. 115 



There has been discovered at Trenton, about fourteen feet below the surface, 

 the tusk of a mastodon, covered with partly stratified gravel and stones. Allu- 

 ding to this circumstance, Dr. Abbott observes: "When we consider that not 

 only the remains of the mastodon, but those of the bison, have been found in 

 this gravel, and that within a few yards of the spot where the tusk of the mas- 

 todon mentioned by Professor Cook, was found, palaeolithic implements have 

 been gathered, one at the same, and three at greater depths, it is apparent that 

 we here have evidence of man's contemporaneity, on the Atlantic coast, with the 

 large mammals mentioned."* Bones of the reindeer also have been met with, 

 though sparingly, in this gravel. 



Finally, Dr. Abbott strongly inclines to the view not an unusual one that 

 the Eskimos formerly extended far to the southward in North America, and, 

 indeed, were the makers of the rude tools found by him in the Trenton gravel. 



Professor Henry W. Haynes, of Boston, who has studied the stone age for 

 six years in Europe and Northern Africa, lately visited, in company with Pro- 

 fessor W. Boyd Dawkins and other gentlemen, the region in question, and 

 became fully convinced of the palaeolithic character of the Trenton argillite tools. 

 On this occasion, it should be stated, several implements were taken by his com- 

 panions, either from the gravel or the talus on the river-bank, in his presence, 

 and he found five himself. 



"It has been my good fortune," he says, "to find palaeolithic implements in 

 Europe in several localities, both where they have been accompanied by the 

 characteristic fossil bones, and where these have been wanting. I have thus had 

 the opportunity of making myself familiar with the general character of such 

 localities and the appearance of the country in the vicinity, together with the 

 nature and quality of the gravels in which the implements are found. I have 

 especially studied the gravel-beds of the valley of the Seine, in the vicinity of 

 Paris, and of the Tiber, near Rome, for several successive years, and in a very 

 great number of visits, and from both these localities I have obtained fossil bones 

 of the mammoth, the rhinoceros, the hippopotamus, the bos antiquus, the great 

 extinct elk, the horse, the reindeer, etc. Accompanying these fossil bones were 

 found the characteristic palaeolithic implements. I have also visited the famous 

 locality of Saint- Acheul, and the well-known gravel-pits near Salisbury, England, 

 in both of which spots have occurred numerous finds of palaeolithic implements, 

 accompanied by similar fossil bones. In another locality, near Dinan, in Nor- 

 mandy, where the pleistocene deposits no longer exist, as is also the case in the 

 valley of the Nile, I have found a large quantity of palaeolithic implements 

 made out of quartzite. From these various experiences I feel myself warranted 

 in stating that the general appearance of the country and the character of the 



* Abbott: Primitive Industry ; p. 482. 



