120 



PREHISTORIC FISHING. 



it is, they may have served in the manner indicated, or as parts of fish-hooks, or 

 in some other way not yet explained. 



Fio. 174. Santa Cruz Island. 

 (26237). 



Fio 175. Santa Cruz Island. 

 (26237). 



All 



FIG. 176. Santa Cruz Island. 

 (26237). 



Fio. 177. Santa Rosa Island. 

 (23680). 



FIGS. 174-177. Double-pointed bone implements. 



Fish-hooks. It does not appear that fish-hooks entirely made of silicious 

 material, like those described by Professor Nilsson, have been found in 

 North America; but hooks constructed of flint or chalcedony and bone have 

 occurred in Greenland. Dr. Gustav IClemm describes and represents such a 

 specimen obtained from an old grave in that country. Fig. 178 is a reproduction 

 of his illustration. The curved bone shank and piece of worked flint are bound 

 together with a narrow strip of whalebone, and the line attached to the upper 

 end of the shank consists of twisted vegetable fibre.* 



Another somewhat similar specimen from a grave in Southern Greenland 

 is in the Ethnological Museum at Copenhagen. It attracted the special attention 

 of Dr. Emil Bessels during a visit to that city in 1881, and the distinguished 

 artist, Captain A. P. Madsen, made for him a drawing of the object. That gen- 

 tleman's design is here copied as Fig. 179. The shank, pierced with four holes, 

 and nearly cylindrical in its upper part, but worked flat lower downward, is 

 made from a bone of some quadruped, and shows a brown coloration, like bones 

 extracted from peat-bogs. The chipped hook consists of bluish-white chalcedony. 

 Both shank and hook were found together, but without ligature, this connecting 

 medium having yielded to the effects of decay. The re-uniting of the two parts 



* Klemm: Allgemeine Culturwisscnschaft ; Workzeuge und Waffen ; Leipzig, 1854; p. 61, Pig. 101. 



