INTRODUCTION. 7 



antlers have attained full dimensions it is difficult for 

 the circulation to be maintained through so thin a mem- 



FIG. 3. A pair of antlers from a Roe-deer (Caprcolns caprcea} with an 

 ossified node upon them (Mus. Royal College of Surgeons). 



brane as the " velvet," and as a consequence it shrivels 

 and peels off; the bone beneath is deprived of blood 



