DISUSE AND ITS EFFECTS. 57 



defects in the spine, the sole of the foot being turned 

 upwards and inwards. In some children the middle 

 toes may be deficient and cause the foot to assume a 

 cloven appearance. 



Recklinghausen has suggested that, as in many cases 

 of spina bifida, disease of the bones of the foot occurs 

 as a complication, and often induces 

 loss of the middle toes, this may 

 have stimulated in the imagination 

 the notion 'of a cloven foot. It is 

 perhaps not unfair to infer that from 

 such sources as these originated the 

 corporeal form of our much dreaded 

 mystical devil, with hairy body, 

 cloven feet, and tail (fig. 28). 



The relation of fauns, aegipans, 

 and goats is discussed further in 

 chapter iv. in connection with some 

 other structural peculiarities they 

 share in common with goats. 



Atrophy of parts when disused 

 in consequence of injury scarcely 

 calls for comment (though very FIQ< ^^ dongated 

 many interesting specimens might claw from a Two-toed 

 be described) because the effects 

 of disuse when thus induced are not inherited. 



As a general rule, the statement that parts when 

 disused become reduced in size holds good, but in con- 

 nection with dermal organs such as nails, horns, and 

 claws, it is well to point out that disuse leads to en- 

 largement. In the preceding chapter specimens were 



