EVOLUTIONS OF ORGANIZATION. 23 



believers in definite evolution or morphological 

 design contend. 



Professor Hackel, of Jena, founding on the 

 Darwinian hypothesis, not only pushes it to the 

 furthest limit, but accounts for every thing by what 

 he calls the " monistic philosophy." 



According to the materialists, says he, the matter 

 has originated the force; and, according to the 

 spiritualists, the force has originated the matter ; 

 but both are dualistic and wrong: according to 

 the monistic philosophy you can neither think of 

 force without matter, nor of matter without force. 

 " Spirit and soul are only higher and combined 

 or differentiated powers of the same function, 

 which we indicate by the most general expression 

 as force ; and force is an universal function of all 

 matter." 1 He has interested himself and his 

 readers inventing most detailed pedigrees of dif- 

 ferent forms, more or less valuable according to 

 the degree in which they express established 

 morphological affinities, and recommends, to the 

 consternation of so able a scientific and political 

 authority as Virchow, that this sort of thing should 

 be taught in the public schools of Germany. He 

 talks with admiration of Oken and St. Hilaire as 

 his predecessors in evolution, and fails to see that 



1 Anthropogenic, pp. 707-8. 



