24 EVOLUTIONS OF ORGANIZATION. 



they were on another line of rails, and moving in 

 an opposite direction. Affinity means morpho- 

 logical relationship, and is a matter of observation ; 

 but the pedigree of species cannot, in the nature 

 of things, be the subject of either observation or 

 induction. Every affinity pointed out is a scientific 

 gain ; but it is no advantage to science to put 

 affinities forward in the form of an allegation that 

 the allied forms are descended from a common 

 ancestor of imaginary structure. If evolutions are 

 definite, or, in other words, if morphological design 

 exist, the necessity for explaining all affinity by 

 genetic relationship disappears. 



The quotation from Hackel just made will 

 probably lead you to reflect that it is of the utmost 

 importance, in considering the relations of both 

 life and intelligence to matter, to have a clear 

 understanding what the properties of matter are. 

 Now, if we consider the phenomena of matter in 

 its inorganic forms, we cannot fail to see that they 

 are all of one order, viz., related to movement 

 in space. The energy spoken of in connection 

 with matter is nothing but movement and tendency 

 to "movement, a thing whose dealings are alto- 

 gether with locality. But it is the immediate 

 experience of every one that consciousness is not 

 movement in space. No doubt it is found in- 



