EXPRESSION. 47 



both physical and mental conditions are such as the 

 following : Those expressing height, as upward 

 and downward, ascent and descent, elevation and 

 depression, superiority and inferiority, rise and 

 decline or fall, over and under; those expressing 

 other directions, as forward and backward, ad- 

 vance and retrogression, before and behind or to 

 one side, direct and roundabout, straight and 

 oblique ; those expressing distance, as far and 

 near, approach and separation, attraction and re- 

 pulsion ; words expressing magnitude, as large 

 and small, wide and narrow, expanded and con- 

 tracted ; words expressing resistance, as strong 

 and weak, hard and soft, firm and yielding ; words 

 connected with motion or rest, as quick and slow, 

 tension and relaxation. 



The connection between the physical and other 

 meanings of these words is in most instances 

 not far to seek. No doubt at first sight it may 

 seem puzzling to find anything in common be- 

 tween moral elevation and physical elevation 

 or mere distance from the earth's surface, and one 

 may look on it as remarkable that in the ideas 

 of all men the two things are associated, and 

 are so by a link independent of the peculiarities of 

 individual languages, so that one is led to suspect 

 that the bond is not only universal but necessary ; 



