THE MAN-LIKE APES. 35 



ence being sometimes greater and sometimes less ; so that 

 if the four were arranged in the order of the length of 

 their arms in proportion to that of their legs, we should 

 have this series Orang (l 1), Gibbon (l 1), Gorilla 

 (l 1), Chimpanzee (ly'g 1). In all, the fore limbs are 

 terminated by hands, provided with longer or shorter 

 thumbs ; while the great toe of the foot, always smaller, 

 than in Man, is far more moveable than in him and can 

 be opposed, like a thumb, to the rest of the foot. None 

 of these apes have tails, and none of them possess the 

 cheek-pouches common among monkeys. Finally, they 

 are all inhabitants of the old world. 



The Gibbons are the smallest, slenderest, and longest- 

 limbed of the man-like apes : their arms are longer in 

 proportion to their bodies than those of any of the other 

 man-like Apes, so that they can touch the ground when 

 erect ; their hands are longer than their feet, and they 

 are the only Anthropoids which possess callosities like the 

 lower monkeys. They are variously coloured. The 

 Orangs have arms which reach to the ankles in the erect 

 position of the animal ; their thumbs and great toes are 

 very short, and their feet are longer than their hands. 

 They are covered with reddish-brown hair, and the sides 

 of the face, in adult males, are commonly produced into 

 two crescentic, flexible excrescences, like fatty tumours. 

 The Chimpanzees have arms which reach below the 

 knees ; they have large thumbs and great toes, their 

 hands are longer than their feet, and their hair is black, 

 while the skin of the face is pale. The Gorilla, lastly, has 

 arms which reach to the middle of the leg, large thumbs, 

 and great toes, feet longer than the hands, a black face, 

 and dark-grey or dun hair. 



For the purpose which 1 have at present in view, it is 

 unnecessary that I should enter into any further minutia3 



