TO THE LOWER ANIMALS. 95 



preponderance, of 52 cubic inches is far greater than 

 that by which the lowest adult male human cranium sur- 

 passes the largest of the Gorillas (62 34~| = 27i). Sec- 

 ondly, the adult crania of Gorillas which have as yet been 

 measured differ among themselves by nearly one-third, the 

 maximum capacity being 34.5 cubic inches, the minimum 

 24 cubic inches ; and, thirdly, after making all due allow- 

 ance for difference of size, the cranial capacities of some 

 of the lower apes fall nearly as much, relatively, below 

 those of the higher Apes as the latter fall below Man. 



Thus, even in the important matter of cranial capacity, 

 Men differ more widely from one another than they do 

 from the Apes ; while the lowest Apes differ as much, in 

 proportion, from the highest, as the latter does from Man. 

 The last proposition is still better illustrated by the study 

 of the modifications which other parts of the cranium un- 

 dergo in the Simian series. 



It is the large proportional size of the facial bones and 

 the great projection of the jaws which confers upon the 

 Gorilla's skull its small facial angle and brutal character. 



But if we consider the proportional size of the facial 

 bones to the skull proper only, the little Chrysothrix (Fig. 

 17) differs very widely from the Gorilla, and in the same 

 way as Man does ; while the Baboons (Cynocephalus, Fig. 

 17) exaggerate the gross proportions of the muzzle of the 

 great Anthropoid, so that its visage looks mild and human 

 by comparison with theirs. The difference between the 

 Gorilla and the Baboon is even greater than it appears at 

 first sight ; for the great facial mass of the former is 

 largely due to a downward development of the jaws ; an 

 essentially human character, superadded upon that almost 

 purely forward, essentially brutal, development of the 

 same parts which characterizes the Baboon, and yet more 

 remarkably distinguishes the Lemur. 



