CEREBKAL STEUCTUBE OF MAN AND THE APES. 133 



A SUCCINCT HISTORY OF THE CONTROVERSY RESPECTING THE 

 CEREBRAL STRUCTURE OF MAN AND THE APES. 



UP to the year 1857 all anatomists of authority, who had occu- 

 pied themselves with the cerebral structure of the Apes Cuvier, 

 Tiedemann, Sandifort, Vrolik, Isidore G. St. Hilaire, Schroeder van 

 der Kolk, Gratiolet were agreed that the brain of the Ape possesses 



a POSTERIOR LOBE. 



Tiedemann, in 1825, figured and acknowledged in the text of 

 his ' Icones,' the existence of the POSTERIOR CORNU of the lateral 

 ventricle in the Apes, not only under the title of ' Scrobiculus parvus 

 loco cornu posterioris' a fact which has been paraded but as 

 ' cornu posterius' (Icones, p. 54), a circumstance which has been, as 

 sedulously, kept in the back ground. 



Cuvier (Lecons, T. iii. p. 103) says, " the anterior or lateral ven- 

 tricles possess a digital cavity [posterior cornu] only in Man and the 

 Apes Its presence depends on that of the poste- 

 rior lobes." 



Schroeder van der Kolk and Vrolik, and Gratiolet, had also fig- 

 ured and described the posterior cornu in various Apes. As to the 

 HIPPOCAMPUS MINOR, Tiedemann had erroneously asserted its absence 

 in the Apes ; but Schroeder van der Kolk and Vrolik had pointed 

 out the existence of what they considered a rudimentary one in the 

 Chimpanzee, and Gratiolet had expressly affirmed its existence in 

 these animals. Such was the state of our information on these sub- 

 jects in the year 1856. 



In the year 1857, however, Professor Owen, either in ignorance of 

 these well-known facts or else unjustifiably suppressing them, sub- 

 mitted to the Linnaean Society a paper " On the Characters, Princi- 

 ples of Division, and Primary Groups of the Class Mammalia," which 

 was printed in the Society's Journal, and contains the following 

 passage : " In Man, the brain presents an ascensive step in develop- 

 ment, higher and more strongly marked than that by which the pre- 



