136 HISTORY OF THE CONTROVERSY RESPECTING THE 



by Professor Owen to that journal on the 30th of March. The 

 ' Athenaeum ' report was accompanied by a diagram purporting to 

 represent a Gorilla's brain, but in reality so extraordinary a misrep- 

 resentation, that Professor Owen substantially, though not explicitly, 

 withdraws it in the letter in question. In amending this error, 

 however, Professor Owen fell into another of much graver import, as 

 his communication concludes with the following paragraph : " For 

 the true proportion in which the cerebrum covers the cerebellum in 

 the highest Apes, reference should be made to the figure of the un- 

 dissected brain of the Chimpanzee in my ' Reade's Lecture on the 

 Classification, &c. of the Mammalia,' p. 25, fig. 7, 8vo. 1859." 



It would not be credible, if it were not unfortunately true, that 

 this figure, to which the trusting public is referred, without a word 

 of qualification, " for the true proportion in which the cerebrum 

 covers the cerebellum in the highest Apes," is exactly that unac- 

 knowledged copy of Schroeder van der Kolk and Vrolik's figure 

 whose utter inaccuracy had been pointed out years before by Gratio- 

 let, and had been brought to Professor Owen's knowledge by myself 

 in the passage of my article in the ' Natural History Review ' above 

 quoted. 



I drew public attention to this circumstance again in my reply to 

 Professor Owen, published in the ' Athenaeum ' for April 13th, 1861 ; 

 but the exploded figure was reproduced once more by Professor 

 Owen, without the slightest allusion to its inaccuracy, in the ' An- 

 nals of Natural History' for June, 1861 ! 



This proved too much for the patience of the original authors of 

 the figure, Messrs. Schroeder van der Kolk and Vrolik, who, in a 

 note addressed to the Academy of Amsterdam, of which they were 

 members, declared themselves to be, though decided opponents of 

 all forms of the doctrine of progressive development, above all 

 things, lovers of truth : and that, therefore, at whatever risk of seem- 

 ing to lend support to views which they disliked, they felt it their 

 duty to take the first opportunity of publicly repudiating Professor 

 Owen's misuse of their authority. 



In this note they frankly admitted the justice of the criticisms 

 of M. Gratiolet, quoted above, and they illustrated, by new and 

 careful figures, the posterior lobe, the posterior cornu, and the hippo- 

 campus minor of the Orang. Furthermore, having demonstrated the 

 parts, at one of the sittings of the Academy, they add, " la presence 

 des parties contcstes y a 6t6 universellement reconnue par les anato- 



