FOSSIL REMAINS OF MAST. 167 



which is occasionally met with* in the white races of man- 

 kind, is not known to be more common among Negroes or 

 Australians : nor because the brain of the Hottentot Ve- 

 nus was found to be smoother, to have its convolutions 

 more symmetrically disposed, and to be, so far, more ape- 

 like than that of ordinary Europeans, are we justified in 

 concluding a like condition of the brain to prevail univer- 

 sally among the lower races of mankind, however probable 

 that conclusion may be. 



We are, in fact, sadly wanting in information respect- 

 ing the disposition of the soft and destructible organs of 

 every Race of Mankind but our own ; and even of the 

 skeleton, our Museums are lamentably deficient in every 

 part but the cranium. Skulls enough there are, and since 

 the time when Blumenbach and Camper first called atten- 

 tion to the marked and singular differences which they 

 exhibit, skull collecting and skull measuring has been a 

 zealously pursued branch of Natural History, and the re- 

 sults obtained have been arranged and classified by various 

 writers, among whom the late active and able Retzius 

 must always be the first named. 



Human skulls have been found to differ from one an- 

 other, not merely in their absolute size and in the absolute 

 capacity of the brain case, but in the proportions which 

 the diameters of the latter bear to one another ; in the rel- 

 ative size of the bones of the face (and more particularly 

 of the jaws and teeth) as compared with those of the skull ; 

 in the degree to which the upper jaw (which is of course 

 followed by the lower) is thrown backwards and down- 

 wards under the forepart of the brain case, or forwards 

 and upwards in front of and beyond it. They differ fur- 

 ther in the relations of the transverse diameter of the face, 



* See an excellent Essay by Mr. Church on the M yology of the Orang, in 

 the Natural History Review, for 1861. 



