THE EVOLUTION OF MAN 



beyond that point we are made aware of a very 

 important event in the development of this earth 

 which took place in this Quaternary period, the 

 traces of which are still visibly impressed in the 

 rocks. It is the great ice age. For many thou- 

 sand years, colossal masses of glacial ice were 

 piled on top of the continents of Europe and 

 North America. Large herds of mammoth, a 

 species of elephant, covered with a thick coating 

 of hair as a protection against the cold, grazed 

 along the edge of these glaciers, just as in our 

 day the musk-ox and the reindeer are doing in 

 the countries near the North Pole. Undeniable 

 and plain traces of human beings are still pre- 

 served from that period. 



In the sand, which remained when the glaciers 

 flowed into the caves which were formed by the 

 mighty ice waters boring their way through the 

 lime rocks, the crude and simple stone tools 

 have been found with which the men of that 

 period hunted the mammoth. The walls of such 

 caves in France are still covered with colored 

 pictures in which the men of that ice age have 

 drawn unmistakable pictures of the mammoth. 

 As it happens we are enabled to test the accuracy 

 of those pictures, since well preserved bodies of 

 mammoth with skin and hair are found in the 



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