SELECTIVE EMIGRATION. 71 



on the other, and it is not possible to disentangle 

 the two sets of factors completely. But, for the 

 purpose of enquiry, it is convenient to deal with 

 the two separately, and I shall begin with those 

 that seem to me of lesser importance, the various 

 agencies that tend to produce divergent modification 

 in the stocks. 



A breeder may divide his herd in two ways before 

 isolating the two parts. In each group he may place 

 individuals chosen at random, or in one group he 

 may place all those displaying one character in a 

 marked fashion, say muscular activity, and in the 

 other, those, say, of docile disposition. Divergent 

 modification would follow isolation in either event, 

 but we should expect to find that it was more rapid 

 where the original division was purposive. There is 

 a continuous elimination from many of the nations 

 of those whose disposition is out of harmony with 

 the political systems and ideals of their native 

 country. From Germany, Italy, and to a lesser 

 extent from France, there has been a drain of those 

 who dislike, or fear, military service and the ideas 

 associated with dominant militarism. Not only the 

 direct pressure of economic conditions in Ireland, but 

 emotional dislike of English rule have robbed Ireland, 

 for many generations, of some of the best elements in 

 her population. The glamour of the New World has 

 attracted from every country in Europe the more 

 restless and adventurous members of the population. 

 Doubtless, as Germany has had few colonies prom- 

 ising an attractive career, she has suffered more than 

 others in this respect, for those able to find careers 

 in the dependencies and colonies of their own country 



