102 PRODUCTION OF NATIONALITY 



have studied Protozoa with no ulterior aim provide 

 endless examples of such events, and no small part 

 of the work of those engaged in attempting to combat 

 the diseases caused by the presence of parasitic 

 micro-organisms can be stated in a few words that 

 are not too fanciful, if we say that it consists in 

 training the organisms to respond differently to 

 accustomed stimulations, or to obey new stimulations. 

 As in the ascending scale of the animal kingdom, 

 parts of the protoplasm become specialized nerve- 

 cells, and nerve-cells become aggregated into ganglia 

 and brains, the machinery for the reception of stimu- 

 lation, for retention of the results of stimulation, 

 and for response to stimulation, becomes more and 

 more elaborate, almost precisely as the behaviour of 

 the whole organism lends itself better to statement 

 in terms recalling human memory. But even in 

 man, the action of memory does not necessarily 

 involve consciousness. A sleep-walker, in complete 

 ignorance of what he is about, will leave his room, 

 go to a hiding-place in which he has tried to conceal 

 a key from himself, and go out into the danger 

 of the street. But add human consciousness to or- 

 ganic memory, and you have at once not only the 

 simultaneous presence of immediate stimulus to 

 action and the memory of past stimulation and its 

 result, but the consciousness of the presence of these 

 two factors. The more one reflects on the implica- 

 tions of the joint action of even two factors like 

 present stimulus and organic memory, isolated, as 

 they never are, from the many other factors in the 

 field of consciousness, the more closely we approach 

 a comprehension of the human sense of freedom. 



