io8 PRODUCTION OF NATIONALITY 



Let me sum up my argument. It is asserted that 

 war is just, necessary and admirable, and that this 

 proposition is a deduction from biology. In the 

 words of von Bernhardi : " Wherever we look in 

 nature, we find that war is a fundamental law of 

 development. This great verity, which has been 

 recognized in past ages, has been convincingly 

 demonstrated in modern times by Charles Darwin." 

 I hope to have succeeded in showing : 



1. That even if the struggle for existence were a 

 scientific law, it does not necessarily apply to human 

 affairs. 



2. That modern nations are not units of the same 

 order as the units of the animal and vegetable king- 

 dom from which the law of struggle for existence 

 is a supposed inference. 



3. That the struggle for existence as propounded 

 by Charles Darwin, and as it can be followed in 

 nature, has no resemblance with human warfare. 



4. That man is not subject to the laws of the un- 

 conscious and that his conduct is to be judged not 

 by them, but by its harmony with a real and external 

 not-self that man has built up through the ages. 



