120 SYMBIOSIS 



is the co-operative urge of things. It is Symbiogenesis, more 

 precisely, that directs the long protracted gestation processes 

 of Nature and thereby also determines the preservation of the 

 most widely useful variations. 



Butler saw that Domestication presents a narrower, more 

 casual, arbitrary and lopsided biological relation than is 

 presented by the case of species under Nature. Evidently 

 creatures or races obliged to submit too exclusively and too 

 one-sidedly to the desires and whims of others, lose thereby the 

 power of determining their own good. Too occupied with 

 merely expedient necessities, they are virtually slaves. Slavery 

 cannot breed healthy wishes in master or slave ; and for this 

 reason alone it could never obtain the sanction of Nature. Hence 

 it is that in the past all civilisations, organic or human, based 

 upon the principle of slavery, have ended in failure. Just as 

 Nature abhors perpetual in-breeding, and I believe also per- 

 petual in-feeding, so I believe she " abhors " slavery. The 

 reason is the same in every case : What is really wanted is the 

 maintenance of bio-economic integrity, independence of every 

 species though in due inter-dependence with others the very 

 antithesis of slavery. The conclusion is that the evolution of 

 life is indispensably connected with Bio-Economics and Bio- 

 Morality. 



