ANGLICAN CHURCHES. 



two of them dating from the last century, aid 

 theological students requiring pecuniary help ; 

 besides which a few diocesan societies exist for 

 the same purpose, and special funds are set 

 apart in some of the theological schools. Spe- 

 cial theological training is given at ten theo- 

 logical schools, besides the universities. The 

 Society for Promoting the Employment of 

 Additional Curates returns an income of 

 42,686, and supports, in whole or in part, 

 620 clergymen ; the Church Pastoral Aid So- 

 ciety, existing with the similar purpose of in- 

 creasing the number of clergymen and lay 

 agents, returns an income of 55,659, and 

 maintains, wholly or in part, 540 clergymen 

 and 168 lay agents. Besides these societies 

 and similar diocesan organizations, societies 

 exist within the Church, whose object it is to 

 support agencies supplementary to clerical 

 work ; and numerous special mission agencies 

 are maintained in all the large centers of popu- 

 lation, and among particular classes of work- 

 ingmen, wherever they are congregated; in 

 the army and navy; among British seamen 

 abroad, at seventy foreign ports; among the 

 fishermen of the Mersey and the Thames; 

 among navvies, or laborers on works of pub- 

 lic improvement; among hop-pickers; among 

 homeless and friendless women and girls and 

 abandoned women; among emigrants collect- 

 ed at ports of embarkation preparatory to 

 sailing; and among the miscellaneous popu- 

 lations of the lower classes in the larger towns 

 and cities. 



According to the report presented by Lord 

 Hampton in the House of Lords in 1874, 1,727 

 churches and 27 cathedrals had been built, and 

 7,117 churches restored, from 1840 to that time, 

 at a total cost of 25,548,703. According to a 

 later return, the sum of 4,326,469 was spent 

 in thirteen dioceses upon church building and 

 restoration between 1872 and 1881. Among 

 the larger funds in aid of this purpose are that 

 of the Incorporated Church Building Society, 

 which has expended for it 785,859 since 1818, 

 and which granted 13,690 in 1881, and the 

 Bishop of London's Fund, applicable to the 

 diocese of London alone, of which 588,412 

 were spent during the eighteen years ending 

 with 1881. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners 

 were the means of securing through their own 

 grants and the benefactions that were called 

 out to meet them, between 1840 and 1880, a 

 total increase in the incomes of benefices of 

 765,500, representing a capital sum of about 

 23,000,000 ; and during 1881 they made 347 

 grants, amounting to 26,270, to maintain as- 

 sistant clergy in twenty dioceses. The Free 

 and Open Church Association seeks to multi- 

 ply free sittings in churches ; to spread the doc- 

 trine that the offertory is an obligation " for 

 which there is a direct scriptural warrant"; 

 and to have the churches opened daily for pri- 

 vate prayer. It is also prepared to receive and 

 hold trust gifts for building, endowing, and re- 

 pairing free-seated churches, and to accept in 



trust, exercise, and dispose of the patronage of 

 benefices. 



The Church of England Temperance Society, 

 formed in 1862, has organizations in twenty- 

 nine dioceses, twenty-six of which return 2,443 

 bran ch societies. Steps have been taken in later 

 years for making the cathedrals more accessible 

 to the people, and introducing into them ser- 

 vices adapted to popular wants, and for encour- 

 aging the employment of lay-readers and as- 

 signing them a recognized place in the service 

 of the church. Much attention has also been 

 given to the sending out of earnest men and per- 

 suasive speakers to interest the masses in reli- 

 gious concerns, or in the work of what are called 

 " Parochial Missions." The Church Parochial 

 Mission Society, organized in 1873, supports 

 eight preachers, and reported, in 1881, that 

 more than 500 missions had been held by its 

 agents. Similar enterprises are sustained by a 

 number of diocesan organizations. Nine dea- 

 conesses' institutions have been formed in dif- 

 ferent dioceses, as homes for women who will 

 devote themselves to religious work and the 

 care of the sick. They returned, in 1881, 190 

 nurses domiciled within them. The National 

 Society for Promoting theEducation of the Poor 

 in the Principles of the Established Church has 

 spent, since its formation, in 1811, more than 

 1,100,000 in furtherance of its object, involv- 

 ing, according to the statement of its secretary, 

 an expenditure of at least twelve times as much 

 from other sources, for the same end. In 1881 

 it returned 11,589 efficient church schools un- 

 der government inspection, which afforded ac- 

 commodation for 2,351,235 children, or more 

 than half the school accommodation of the 

 country. Thirty colleges have been established 

 for the training of teachers, in which two thirds 

 of the entire number of trained teachers in the 

 country have received their professional edu- 

 cation. Provision is made for the religious in- 

 spection of the schools under the direction of 

 the bishops in the several dioceses, and for the 

 regular examination of students in religious 

 knowledge. A society of fellows of a college 

 has been formed for the promotion of middle- 

 class schools; and eight such schools provide 

 for the education of more than two thousand 

 boys and girls. The interests of Sunday-schools 

 are cared for by the Church of England Sun- 

 day-School Institute, which publishes returns 

 from 8,405 of the 14,466 parishes in England 

 and Wales, of 16,498 Sunday-schools with 113,- 

 412 teachers and 1,289,273 enrolled scholars. 

 The tendencies of modern thought which are 

 described under the general term of " secu- 

 larism" are opposed by the Christian Evi- 

 dence Society, in which the Church co-op- 

 erates with other denominations, and which 

 works by means of conferences and meet- 

 ings, sermons, lectures, open-air lectures, in- 

 struction of classes, publication and other agen- 

 cies ; and by the Christian Evidence Committee 

 of the Society for the Promotion of Christian 

 Knowledge. 



