ARIZONA. 



ARKANSAS. 



17 



The School System. No Territory of the Union 

 has a .better school system than Arizona. All 

 children of school age are compelled to attend 

 the public schools, and the expenses are borne 

 by a direct tax on the people. A superintend- 

 ent is elected every two years. In each county 

 the probate judge is ex-officio superintendent 

 of the schools of his county. According to 

 the latest census, the number of schools was 97. 



The total revenue for school purposes in the 

 Territory, for 1882, was $101,967.35. 



There are many small communities that fail 

 to receive any advantage from the school fund, 

 owing to the necessity of only organizing schools 

 with a large number of pupils. The number of 

 children of school age is nearly 10,000. 



Railroads. Arizona is now in possession of 

 two transcontinental railroads. The South- 

 ern Pacific enters the Territory at Yuma, and 

 crosses nearly along the line of the thirty-sec- 

 ond parallel. Its length through the Territory 

 is 389 miles. From Benson, 40 miles east of 

 Tucson, the Arizona and New Mexico Railroad 

 branches from the Southern Pacific and runs 

 southward to Gnaymas, on the Gulf of Califor- 

 nia. The length of this road through Oochise 

 and Pima counties is about 65 miles. The 

 Atlantic and Pacific Railroad begins at Albu- 

 querque, New Mexico, and strikes westward, 

 following very nearly the line of the thirty- 

 fifth parallel, to Colorado river. Its length 

 through the Territory is about 350 miles. This 

 road opens up the great coal-beds and the 

 grand timber-belt of the Mogollon mountains. 

 This great forest is nearly 200 miles in length 

 by 60 in width, and contains some of the finest 

 timber in the United States. There is also the 

 Clifton and Lordsburg road, now nearly com- 

 pleted, running in this Territory a distance of 

 about 60 miles, and furnishing an outlet to a 

 very rich mineral and grazing region. Other 

 roads have been projected, and some are un- 

 der way. In connection with these roads there 

 is over a thousand miles of telegraph lines. 



The Indian Question. One of the greatest 

 drawbacks to the prosperity of Arizona has 

 been found in the hostile Apaches. Up to 1874 

 they terrorized the entire Territory, kept out 

 immigration and capital, and had life and prop- 

 erty virtually at their mercy. In that year 

 they were placed on a reservation, where those 

 of them who are not absent in Mexico yet re- 

 main. It was supposed that an end had been 

 put to Indian troubles, but the raids of the 

 VOL. xxiii. 2 A 



past two years have shaken the feeling of se- 

 curity. 



There are in Arizona about 25,000 Indians 

 occupying lands reserved to them by the Gen- 

 eral Government. A large part of them are 

 self-supporting, although about 5,000 depend 

 almost entirely upon the Government. The 

 tribes occupying the Territory are the Huala- 

 pais, Yum&s, Papagoes, Pimas, Maricopas, Mo- 

 haves, Navajos, Ava Supies, and Moquis ; also 

 various branches of the Apache family, who 

 have been placed upon the San Carlos Reser- 

 vation. With the exception, perhaps, of the 

 Hualapais and Yumas, these Indian tribes oc- 

 cupy some of the finest spots in the Territory, 

 covering a vast area. The Hualapais and Yu- 

 mas occupy reservations that are almost entire- 

 ly barren lands. The principal dissatisfaction 

 upon the San Carlos Reservation came from the 

 Chiricahuas, and in April, 1882, it resulted in 

 an open rebellion. On the morning of April 

 19th Loco's band of Chiricahuas broke out, and, 

 after killing the chief of police, entered the 

 valley of the Gila, and it is estimated that sixty 

 industrious citizens were killed. The military 

 force of the Territory was so small and so scat- 

 tered that the raid was continued almost with- 

 out interruption until the Indians reached the 

 boundary line between Arizona and Sonora. 

 Gen. Wilcox, then in command of this de- 

 partment, moved his forces with great activity, 

 and the General of the Army, as well as the 

 Secretary of War, responded promptly by send- 

 ing more troops into the field, and several en- 

 gagements took place within a few miles of the 

 Sonora line, in which a number of the Indians 

 were killed. 



The survivors, supposed to number about 

 500, took up their abode in the Sierra Madre 

 mountains, in Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico. 

 They remained quiet until March, 1883, when 

 a small number of them raided through South- 

 eastern Arizona and Southwestern New Mexi- 

 co, killed a number of citizens, and stole a 

 large amount of property, returning to Mexico 

 without receiving any punishment. 



Gen. George Crook visited Sonora and Chi- 

 huahua and arranged with the authorities there 

 to take a military force into Mexico for the 

 purpose of capturing these Indians. He found 

 them encamped in the Sierra Madre moun- 

 tains, but npon his approach many of the fight- 

 ing men fled. An engagement was had, and 

 some Indians killed. Quite a large number of 

 men, women, and children were captured. With 

 these the general returned and placed them 

 upon their reservation. 



Lawlessness and the depredations of " cow- 

 boys" and "rustlers," who at one time held 

 portions of the Territory in a condition of ter- 

 rorism, have succumbed in a large degree to 

 law and order. 



ARKANSAS. State Government. The State offi- 

 cers during the year were as follow : Govern- 

 or, James H. Berry, Democrat; Secretary of 

 State, Jacob Frolich ; Auditor, A. W. Files ; 



